The majority of database systems being installed today are based on the relational database model. Unfortunately, relational database design is one of the most misunderstood aspects of computing. Part of the problem comes from popular literature that describes a relational database as anything that
Relational Database Design and Implementation: Clearly Explained
β Scribed by Jan L. Harrington
- Publisher
- Morgan Kaufmann
- Year
- 2009
- Tongue
- English
- Leaves
- 410
- Series
- Morgan Kaufmann Series in Data Management Systems
- Edition
- 3
- Category
- Library
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
β¦ Synopsis
Fully revised, updated, and expanded, Relational Database Design and Implementation, Third Edition is the most lucid and effective introduction to the subject available for IT/IS professionals interested in honing their skills in database design, implementation, and administration. This book provides the conceptual and practical information necessary to develop a design and management scheme that ensures data accuracy and user satisfaction while optimizing performance, regardless of experience level or choice of DBMS. The book begins by reviewing basic concepts of databases and database design, then briefly reviews the SQL one would use to create databases. Topics such as the relational data model, normalization, data entities and Codd's Rules (and why they are important) are covered clearly and concisely but without resorting to "Dummies"-style talking down to the reader. Supporting the book's step-by-step instruction are three NEW case studies illustrating database planning, analysis, design, and management practices. In addition to these real-world examples, which include object-relational design techniques, an entirely NEW section consisting of three chapters is devoted to database implementation and management issues. * Principles needed to understand the basis of good relational database design and implementation practices. * Examples to illustrate core concepts for enhanced comprehension and to put the book's practical instruction to work. * Methods for tailoring DB design to the environment in which the database will run and the uses to which it will be put. * Design approaches that ensure data accuracy and consistency. * Examples of how design can inhibit or boost database application performance. * Object-relational design techniques, benefits, and examples. * Instructions on how to choose and use a normalization technique. * Guidelines for understanding and applying Codd's rules. * Tools to implement a relational design using SQL. * Techniques for using CASE tools for database design.
β¦ Table of Contents
Copyright page......Page 2
Preface to the Third Edition......Page 3
Acknowledgments......Page 6
Part I: Introduction......Page 7
The Database Environment......Page 8
Lists and Files......Page 9
Databases......Page 10
Data βOwnershipβ......Page 11
Service-Oriented Architecture......Page 12
Database Software: DBMSs......Page 13
Centralized......Page 15
Client/Server......Page 18
Distributed......Page 19
The Web......Page 21
Remote Access......Page 22
Security......Page 23
Government Regulations and Privacy......Page 25
Legacy Databases......Page 26
For Further Reading......Page 28
Systems Analysis and Database Requirements......Page 29
Dealing with Resistance to Change......Page 30
The Structured Design Life Cycle......Page 31
Conducting the Needs Assessment......Page 32
Assessing Feasibility......Page 36
Generating Alternatives......Page 38
Evaluating and Choosing an Alternative......Page 39
Prototyping......Page 40
Object-Oriented Analysis......Page 42
For Further Reading......Page 46
Part II: Database Design Theory......Page 47
Effects of Poor Database Design......Page 48
Unnecessary Duplicated Data and Data Consistency......Page 50
Data Insertion Problems......Page 51
Data Deletion Problems......Page 52
Meaningful Identifiers......Page 53
Entities and Their Attributes......Page 54
Entity Identifiers......Page 56
Single-Valued versus Multivalued Attributes......Page 57
Avoiding Collections of Entities......Page 59
Documenting Entities and Their Attributes......Page 61
Entities and Attributes for Antique Opticals......Page 63
Documenting Domains......Page 64
Practical Domain Choices......Page 65
One-to-One Relationships......Page 67
One-to-Many Relationships......Page 69
Weak Entities and Mandatory Relationships......Page 70
Documenting Relationships......Page 71
The Chen Method......Page 72
UML Style Diagrams......Page 73
Basic Relationships for Antique Opticals......Page 74
Dealing with Many-to-Many Relationships......Page 75
Composite Entities......Page 76
Documenting Composite Entities......Page 77
Resolving Antique Opticalsβ Many-to-Many Relationships......Page 78
Data Modeling versus Data Flow......Page 80
Schemas......Page 83
For Further Reading......Page 86
The Relational Data Model......Page 87
Columns and Column Characteristics......Page 88
Types of Tables......Page 89
Primary Keys......Page 90
Primary Keys to Identify People......Page 91
Avoiding Meaningful Identifiers......Page 92
Concatenated Primary Keys......Page 93
All-Key Relations......Page 94
Representing Data Relationships......Page 95
Foreign Keys and Primary Keys in the Same Table......Page 97
The View Mechanism......Page 98
The Data Dictionary......Page 99
Sample Data Dictionary Tables......Page 100
A Bit of History......Page 101
For Further Reading......Page 103
Translating an ER Diagram into Relations......Page 104
Normal Forms......Page 106
Understanding Repeating Groups......Page 107
Handling Repeating Groups......Page 108
Problems with First Normal Form......Page 110
Understanding Functional Dependencies......Page 112
Using Functional Dependencies to Reach 2NF......Page 113
Problems with 2NF Relations......Page 114
Transitive Dependencies......Page 115
Boyce-Codd Normal Form......Page 117
Fourth Normal Form......Page 118
Multivalued Dependencies......Page 119
Fifth Normal Form......Page 120
Equi-Join......Page 121
Understanding 5NF......Page 123
Sixth Normal Form......Page 126
For Further Reading......Page 127
Database Structure and Performance Tuning......Page 128
Joins and Database Performance......Page 129
Indexing......Page 133
Deciding Which Indexes to Create......Page 134
Clustering......Page 135
Partitioning......Page 136
Vertical Partitioning......Page 137
For Further Reading......Page 138
Coddβs Rules for Relational Database Design......Page 139
Rule 1: The Information Rule......Page 140
Rule 2: The Guaranteed Access Rule......Page 141
Rule 3: Systematic Treatment of Null Values......Page 142
Rule 4: Dynamic Online Catalog Based on the Relational Model......Page 143
Rule 5: The Comprehensive Data Sublanguage Rule......Page 144
Rule 7: High-Level Insert, Update, Delete......Page 145
Rule 8: Physical Data Independence......Page 146
Rule 10: Integrity Independence......Page 147
Rule 11: Distribution Independence......Page 148
Rule 12: Nonsubversion Rule......Page 149
Database Structure Hierarchy......Page 150
Naming and Identifying Structural Elements......Page 152
Creating a Schema......Page 153
Identifying the Schema You Want to Use......Page 154
Domains......Page 155
Tables......Page 156
Column Data Types......Page 157
Default Values......Page 159
Foreign Keys......Page 160
Deciding Which Views to Create......Page 169
View Updatability Issues......Page 170
Creating Views......Page 171
Temporary Tables......Page 172
Disposition of Temporary Table Rows......Page 173
Creating Indexes......Page 174
Adding Columns......Page 175
Changing Column Definitions......Page 176
Changing Column Constraints......Page 177
Deleting Database Elements......Page 178
Using CASE Tools for Database Design......Page 180
CASE Capabilities......Page 181
ER Diagram Reports......Page 182
Data Flow Diagrams......Page 185
The Data Dictionary......Page 187
Code Generation......Page 190
Sample Input and Output Designs......Page 192
The Drawing Environment......Page 194
For Further Reading......Page 195
Corporate Overview......Page 196
Product Development Division......Page 198
Manufacturing Division......Page 199
Marketing and Sales Division......Page 200
Current Information Systems......Page 201
New Information Systems Division......Page 203
Basic System Goals......Page 204
Manufacturing, Inventory, and Shipping Processes......Page 205
Product Testing and Support Function......Page 210
Examining the Data Flows......Page 214
The ER Diagram......Page 217
Creating the Tables......Page 222
Generating the SQL......Page 224
Organizational Overview......Page 230
Animal Tracking Needs......Page 232
The Volunteer Organization......Page 235
Creating the Application Prototype......Page 237
Creating the ER Diagram......Page 247
Generating the SQL......Page 250
The Animal Tracking Database......Page 253
Food Management......Page 254
Handling Arriving Animals......Page 256
Problem Analysis......Page 257
Creating the ER Diagram......Page 259
Creating the Tables......Page 263
Generating the SQL......Page 264
Part III: Relational Design Practice......Page 271
The Merchandising Environment......Page 272
Web Sales Requirements......Page 273
Stores, Products, and Employees......Page 274
Circular Relationships......Page 276
One-to-One Relationships......Page 277
In-Store Sales......Page 278
Web Sales......Page 279
Creating the Tables......Page 281
Generating the SQL......Page 283
Part IV: Database Implementation Issues......Page 293
The Multiuser Environment......Page 294
Logging and Rollback......Page 295
Recovery......Page 298
Lost Update #1......Page 299
Lost Update #2......Page 300
Inconsistent Analysis......Page 302
Nonrepeatable Read......Page 304
Phantom Read......Page 305
Read or Exclusive Locks......Page 306
Operation of Write/Exclusive Locks......Page 307
Problem with Write/Exclusive Locks: Deadlock......Page 308
Read or Shared Locks......Page 310
Two-Phase Locking......Page 311
Locks and Transaction Length......Page 312
Solution #3: Multiversion Concurrency Control (Timestamping)......Page 313
Transaction Isolation Levels......Page 314
Web Database Concurrency Control Issues......Page 315
Distributed Database Issues......Page 316
For Further Reading......Page 317
Database Security......Page 318
Physical Threats......Page 319
Hackers and Crackers......Page 320
Types of Attacks......Page 321
Employee Threats......Page 322
Securing the Perimeter: Firewalls......Page 324
Buffer Overflows......Page 326
Physical Server Security......Page 327
User IDs and Passwords (What the User Knows)......Page 328
Login Devices (What the User Has)......Page 329
VPNs......Page 330
Combating Social Engineering......Page 331
Internal Database User IDs and Passwords......Page 333
Types of Access Rights......Page 334
Database Implementations......Page 335
Granting Rights......Page 336
Revoking Rights......Page 337
Who Has Access to What......Page 338
Backup and Recovery......Page 339
Backup......Page 340
Disaster Recovery......Page 342
The Bottom Line: How Much Security Do You Need?......Page 343
For Further Reading......Page 344
Data Warehousing......Page 345
Scope and Purpose of a Data Warehouse......Page 346
Obtaining and Preparing the Data......Page 348
Dimensional Modeling Basics......Page 350
Data Warehouse Appliances......Page 352
For Further Reading......Page 355
Why Data Quality Matters......Page 356
Recognizing and Handling Incomplete Data......Page 357
Missing Column Data......Page 358
Recognizing and Handling Incorrect Data......Page 359
Wrong Calculations......Page 360
Wrong Data Entered into the Database......Page 361
Multiple Values in a Column......Page 362
Orphaned Foreign Keys......Page 363
Inconsistent Business Rules......Page 364
Inconsistent Granularity......Page 365
Preventing Inconsistent Data on an Organizational Level......Page 366
Employees and Data Quality......Page 367
For Further Reading......Page 368
XML Syntax......Page 369
XML Schemas......Page 372
DB2......Page 374
Oracle......Page 376
For Further Reading......Page 377
Historical Antecedents......Page 378
Glossary......Page 397
C......Page 403
D......Page 404
E......Page 405
I......Page 406
P......Page 407
R......Page 408
T......Page 409
Z......Page 410
β¦ Subjects
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