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Refugee Governance, State and Politics in the Middle East

✍ Scribed by Zeynep Şahin Mencütek


Publisher
Routledge
Year
2019
Tongue
English
Leaves
297
Series
Routledge Global Cooperation Series
Category
Library

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✦ Synopsis


The movement of displaced people, migrants and refugees has become increasingly important around the world, leading to a need for increased scrutiny of global responses and policies towards migration. This book focuses on the Middle East, where many nations are part of this global phenomenon as both home, transit and/or host country.

Refugee Governance, State and Politics in the Middle East examines the patterns of legal, political and institutional responses to large-scale Syrian forced migration. It analyses the motivations behind neighbouring countries' policy responses, how their responses change over time and how they have an impact on regional and global cooperation. Looking in particular at Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan, three of the world's top refugee hosting countries, this book explores how refugee governance differs across countries and why they diverge. To theorize variations, the book introduces multi-pattern and multi-stage refugee governance models as two complementary analytical frameworks. The book further argues that each of these three states’ refugee responses is constructed based on three main factors: internal political interests, economic-development related concerns, and foreign policy objectives as well as interactions among them. The book’s categorizations and models (on policy fields, actors, stages, patterns and driving forces) provide analytical tools to researchers for comparative analyses.

Scholars and students of Comparative Politics, International Relations, Refugee Studies, Global Governance and Middle Eastern Studies will find this book a useful contribution to their fields.

✦ Table of Contents


Cover
Half Title
Series Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
Acknowledgements
List of Abbreviations
Chapter 1:
Introduction
Lacunae: understanding patterns, stages and forces of refugee governance in the Middle East through comparison
Key concepts
Case selection
Methodology and data collection
Mapping of the book
Notes
References
Part I: Literature, categorizations and models
Chapter 2: The literature on state responses to mass migration in the Global South
International protection and states’ sovereignty
The current state of international cooperation: from burden/responsibility sharing to burden/responsibility shifting
Understanding refugee governance in the Global South
The Middle East region in the comparative migration literature
Lebanon, Turkey and Jordan as exemplary cases of mass migration governance
Notes
References
Chapter 3: Categorizations and models for comparative analysis of refuge emigration governance
Categorization of policy areas and actors
Meta-governance framework
Theorizing variations within and across the national refugee governance(s): multi-pattern model
Preventive policy pattern
Inaction governance pattern
Ad hoc refugee governance pattern
Regulative refugee governance pattern
Theorizing changes within a national refugee governance: multi-stage model
Explanations typology on drivers of refugee governance
International politics explanation
National security and politics explanation
Economy-development explanation
Notes
References
Part II:
Turkey
Chapter 4: Patterns and stages of refugee governance in Turkey
Context and history of refugee movements
Legal and institutional framework
Patterns and stages in Turkey’s response to Syrian mass refugee flow
Initial stage: ad hoc policies (2011–2012)
Critical juncture stage and transitions (2013–2015)
The evolution of national refugee-asylum governance
Protracted stage: regulative and refugee governance (from mid-2015 onwards)
Syrian refugees’ access to rights and services
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 5: Understanding the shifts in refugee governance and refugee politics of Turkey
Analysis of Turkey’s initial policies and changes over time
Reaching the critical juncture
Growing security threats related to the Syrian war and their impact on refugee governance
Impacts of security concerns on refugee governance
From Turkey’s refugee issue to the EU’s refugee crisis
Collaboration or bargains over migration control
Understanding Turkey’s relations with international humanitarian organizations from the perspective of a meta-governance framework
Notes
References
Part III:
Lebanon
Chapter 6: Lebanon’s responses to Syrian mass migration
Political structure of Lebanon and pre-2011 relations with Syria
‘Policy paralysis’ of Lebanon
Background of migration in Lebanon and national refugee regime
Lebanon’s national refugee governance and its connections with the international refugee regime
Patterns and stages in Lebanon’s response to Syrian mass refugee flow
Inaction from mid-2011 to late 2014
Actors involved in refugee governance
Regulative stage from late 2014 to mid-2018
Enforcement and consequences of regulatory restrictive policies
Syrian refugees’ access to rights and services
Notes
References
Chapter 7: Forces behind Lebanese governance patterns and refugee politics
Motivations behind inaction of the first stage
Shifting to regulative-restrictive policies
Explaining the drivers of changes
Notes
References
Part IV:
Jordan
Chapter 8: Jordanian national refugee governance and its responses to Syrian mass migration
Political landscape of Jordan and relations with Syria
Regional security concerns and the issue of Palestinians
International political economy and Arab uprisings
History of refugee migration to Jordan
Palestinian refugees
Iraqi refugees
Main characteristics of Jordanian national refugee regime
The legal framework of refugee governance and relations with the UNHCR
Patterns and stages in Jordan’s meta-governance of Syrian mass refugee migration
Initial stage: mainly ad hoc partially regulative refugee governance between 2012 and 2013
Critical juncture and protracted stage: restrictive and regulative policy pattern after the mid-2013
Syrian refugees’ access to rights and services
Conclusion
Notes
References
Chapter 9: Drivers of Jordanian refugee governance and refugee politics
Relations with Syria in the pre-crisis period and the stance of Jordan during the Syrian crisis
Reasons behind Jordan’s initial policies, critical juncture and shifts over time
Jordan’s relations with humanitarian actors
Framing in negotiations: high numbers, negative economic impact and ‘overburden’ of refugees
Development agenda through response plans
Jordan Compact
Conclusion
Notes
References
Part V: Comparison and conclusions
Chapter 10: Comparison of refugee governance in Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan
Overview of dominant actors shaping refugee governance in three countries
Testing of the multi-pattern and multi-stage model in cases
Similarities and differences in the policy fields of Turkey, Lebanon and Jordan
Border controls
Reception/protection
Local integration
Testing explanation typology
Ideas for further research
References
Chapter 11:
Conclusion
State responses
Policy paradoxes
International refugee regime
Tentative proposals for refugee governance
Notes
References
Index


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