Refractive Surgery for High Myopia: Options and Special Considerations (Essentials in Ophthalmology)

✍ Scribed by J. Bradley Randleman (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 126
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The incidence and prevalence of high myopia has increased significantly over the past decade and is expected to more than double over the next 20 years. These patients are more impacted by their vision than patients with lower refractive errors, and also have more limited safe and effective treatment options available to them. Fortunately, recent developments in the field have improved refractive surgery screening to improve safety, and new surgical options are now available specifically to address these more complex refractive errors.
The book will address the unique challenges presented by patients with high myopia and cover the pros and cons of current treatment options. The book will also feature case studies, with detailed images and tables. In addition, the book will discuss promising future options currently in development.
Refractive Surgery for High Myopia is a must-have resource for ophthalmologists, refractive surgeons, residents, and fellows.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
1: Epidemiology of High Myopia
Definition of Myopia
Prevalence of Myopia and High Myopia
Increasing Myopia Prevalence Worldwide
Environmental Factors Contributing to Myopia
The Role of Genetics in Myopia
Syndromic Myopia
Impact of Myopia
Summary
References
2: Preoperative Evaluation for Refractive Surgery in Patients with High Myopia
Refractive Error Treatment Range for Patients with High Myopia
Physical Examination for Refractive Surgical Candidates with High Myopia
Refractive Evaluation
Corneal Evaluation
Epithelium
Stroma
Endothelium
Anterior Segment Evaluation
Retinal Evaluation
Special Testing
Pupils
Tear Film
Keratometry
Patient Age
Screening for Ectatic Corneal Disease Risk
Central Corneal Pachymetry
Corneal Morphologic Assessment
Anterior Corneal Curvature
Between Eye Asymmetry
Corneal Elevation
Regional Corneal Pachymetry
Epithelial Thickness
Corneal Biomechanics Measurements
Summary and Take Home Points
References
3: LASIK for High Myopia
Introduction
LASIK Technologies for High Myopia
LASIK Outcomes in High Myopia
LASIK Compared to Other Forms of Refractive Surgery
High Myopia LASIK Complications
Undercorrection
Postoperative Ectasia
HOA Induction
Retinal Detachment
LASIK Combined with Other Procedures to Treat High Myopia
Disclaimer
References
4: PRK for High Myopia
Photorefractive Keratectomy in Eyes with High Myopia
Wound Healing after PRK
Results for PRK in High Myopia
Visual Recovery and Pain after PRK for High Myopia
Ectasia Risk with PRK for High-Myopic Corrections
Higher-Order Aberration Induction after PRK for High Myopia
Refractive Regression after PRK for High Myopia
Retinal Detachment Risk with PRK
Conclusions
References
5: SMILE for High Myopia
Introduction
Visual and Safety Outcomes of SMILE in High Myopia
Refractive and Visual Outcomes
Safety Outcomes
Long-Term Refractive Stability
Impact on Higher-Order Aberrations and Optical Quality
Comparison to Spectacles and Contact Lenses
Comparison to Phakic IOL Insertion
Implantable Collamer Lens
Comparison to Femtosecond-LASIK (FS-LASIK)
Comparison to Advanced Surface Ablation
Complications of SMILE in High Myopia
Perioperative Complications
Postoperative Complications
Minor Postoperative Complications
Postoperative Ectasia
Dry Eye
Current Limitations and Future Directions for SMILE in High Myopia
Automated Centration and Cyclotorsion Alignment
SMILE Xtra
Conclusion
References
6: Phakic Intraocular Lens (pIOL) in the Treatment of High Myopia
Introduction
History of Phakic IOLs
Current Phakic IOLs
Indications and Contraindications for pIOL
Determining Candidacy
Patient Criteria
Special Cases
Contraindications for pIOL
Preoperative Testing and Lens Calculations
Specular Microscopy
White-to-White
Ultrasound Biomicroscopy
As-oct
Outcomes
Risks and Complications
Surgical Procedure
Summary
References
7: Refractive Lens Exchange in High Myopia
Refractive Lens Exchange in High Myopia
Preoperative Exam and Ocular Health
Myopic Degeneration
Myopic Traction Maculopathy
Posterior Vitreous Detachment
Peripheral Retinal Pathology
Lens Selection in High Myopia
Binocular Monofocal Lenses
Monovision
Pinhole Intraocular Lens
Extended Depth of Focus Lenses
Multifocal Intraocular Lenses
Postoperative Considerations
Residual Ametropia
Risk of Retinal Detachment
References
8: Future Directions for High Myopia Correction
Introduction
Corneal Refractive Surgeries for High Myopia
Combined Corneal Refractive Surgery with Prophylactic Corneal Cross-Linking
Scleral Cross-Linking Controls the Progression of Myopia
Combined Tissue Addition Using a Modified SMILE-Derived Lenticule
Laser-Induced Refractive Index Change
Conclusion
References
9: Refractive Surgery for High Myopia: Case Section
Case 1
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Case 2
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Case 3
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Case 4
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Case 5
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Case 6
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Case 7
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Case 8
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Case 9
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Case 10
Expert Imaging Review
Expert Opinions
Final Case Disposition
Chapter Summary
Index