Redox Proteomics (From Protein Modifications to Cellular Dysfunction and Diseases) || Proteins as Sensitive Biomarkers of Human Conditions Associated with Oxidative Stress

✍ Scribed by Dalle-Donne, Isabella; Scaloni, Andrea; Butterfield, D. Allan

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
• Year: 2006
• Tongue: English
• Weight: 433 KB
• Edition: 1
• Category: Article
• ISBN: 0471723452
• DOI: 10.1002/0471973122.ch16

✦ Synopsis

Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) are both physiologically necessary and potentially destructive (Mikkelsen and Wardman, 2003). It is now known these species are not only simply a by-product of normal oxidative metabolism or a tool through which phagocytes accomplish antimicrobial action. Moderate levels of ROS play specific roles in the modulation of several cellular events, including signal transduction, proliferative response, and gene expression (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1999;Mikkelsen and Wardman, 2003). High ROS/RNS levels can cause damage to key cellular components such as lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids, possibly leading to subsequent cell death by necrosis or apoptosis. Oxidation of any of these substrates, if unchecked, can theoretically contribute to disease development (Fig. 16.1). Indeed, an increasing amount of evidence suggests that the production of ROS/RNS, and subsequently oxidative/nitrosative stress and damage, is linked to either the primary or the secondary pathophysiological mechanisms of multiple disorders, including cancer, diabetes, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cataracts, the degenerative processes involved in age-related diseases, and even the rate of aging (Halliwell and Gutteridge, 1999;