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Reconstructing the Differentiation Niche of Embryonic Stem Cells Using Biomaterials

✍ Scribed by Laura E. Dickinson; Sravanti Kusuma; Sharon Gerecht

Publisher
John Wiley and Sons
Year
2010
Tongue
English
Weight
556 KB
Volume
11
Category
Article
ISSN
1616-5187

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✦ Synopsis

Abstract

The biochemical cues and topographical architecture of the extracellular environment extensively influence ES cell fate. The microenvironment surrounding the developing embryo presents these instructive cues in a complex and interactive manner in order to guide cell fate decisions. Current stem cell research aims to reconstruct this multifaceted embryonic niche to recapitulate development in vitro. This review focuses on 2D and 3D differentiation niches created from natural and synthetic biomaterials to guide the differentiation of ES cells toward specific lineages. Biomaterials engineered to present specific physical constraints are also reviewed for their role in differentiation. magnified image

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, and in response to retinoic acid (RA) are induced to differentiate to form some of the first distinguishable cell types of early mammalian development. This makes ES cells an attractive model system for studying the initi