Reconfigurable Active and Passive Planar Antennas for Wireless Communication Systems (Signals and Communication Technology)

✍ Scribed by Shiban Kishen Koul, Rajesh K. Singh

• Publisher: Springer
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 213
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents state-of-the-art trends in reconfigurable active and passive planar antennas and their applications in wireless communication systems operating in the frequency band 5-6 GHz. Due to various key features such as multifunction antenna design, compactness, planar nature, and low cost, these technologies are becoming popular for current and future wireless applications. This book discusses different novel antenna designs and their working principles in detail. The modern and future wireless systems require wideband antennas to accommodate various channels in a single band or in separate bands. The carrier aggregation (CA) has been introduced in the modern wireless systems such as LTE-advanced systems and 5G./6G. In CA, a device can use several channels for transmission and reception. The used channels can exist in the same frequency band (intra-band CA) or in distinct bands (inter-band CA). To accommodate more channels, more bandwidth is required within the operating band. For portable devices, circularly polarized (CP) antennas are more advantageous over linearly polarized antennas since in CP antennas, there is low risk of misalignment and, hence encountering interference. Circularly polarized antenna also provides higher link reliability for the portable devices. To provide high data rates, more bandwidth is needed to accommodate more channels. Various multifunction, compact, and wideband antennas for plethora of applications are addressed in detail in this book. The scope of developing reconfigurable active antennas for application in beam switching, beam steering, wireless charging, security systems, etc., is described. This book concludes by giving glimpses of antenna requirements for future wireless communication systems.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
About the Authors
Abbreviations
1 Introduction and Overview
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Reconfigurable Planar Antennas
1.2.1 Feeding Techniques
1.2.2 Passive Antennas
1.2.3 Active Antennas
1.3 Advantages of Planar Antennas
1.4 Disadvantages of Planar Antennas
1.5 RF Switches and Their Performance
1.5.1 Types of RF Switches
1.6 Switch Modeling Techniques
1.6.1 Ideal Approach
1.6.2 Non-Ideal Approach
1.7 Organization of the Book
References
2 Principle and Types of Reconfigurability
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Principle of Reconfigurability
2.3 Reconfiguration Techniques
2.3.1 Electronic Reconfiguration Techniques
2.3.2 Mechanical Reconfiguration Techniques
2.3.3 Optical Reconfiguration Techniques
2.3.4 Material Reconfiguration Techniques
2.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Reconfiguration Techniques
2.5 Different Types of Reconfigurable Antennas
2.5.1 Frequency Reconfigurable Antennas
2.5.2 Polarization Reconfigurable Antennas
2.5.3 Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Antennas
2.5.4 Compound Reconfigurable Antennas
2.6 Summary
References
3 Active Integrated Antennas and Their Classification
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Classification of Active Integrated Antennas (AIAs)
3.2.1 Amplifier Type
3.2.2 Oscillator Type
3.2.3 Frequency Conversion Type
3.3 Oscillator-Type Active Integrated Antennas
3.3.1 Negative Resistance Oscillator-Type Active Integrated Antennas
3.3.2 Feedback Loop Oscillator-Type Active Integrated Antennas
3.4 Design Procedure of Negative Resistance Oscillator-Type Active Integrated Antennas
3.5 Design Procedure of Feedback Loop Oscillator-Type Active Integrated Antennas
3.5.1 Two-Port Radiator Design
3.5.2 Amplifier Design
3.5.3 Active Integrated Antenna Design
3.5.4 Oscillation Test
3.5.5 Harmonic Balance Test
3.5.6 Active Integrated Antenna Design
3.5.7 Measurements
3.6 Summary
References
4 Frequency Reconfigurable Passive and Active Planar Antennas
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Classification of Frequency Reconfigurable Antennas
4.2.1 Discrete Frequency Reconfigurable Antennas
4.2.2 Continuous Frequency Reconfigurable Antennas
4.3 Frequency Reconfigurable Passive Planar Antenna Using Different Approaches
4.3.1 Frequency Reconfiguration Using an Additional Patch or Stub
4.3.2 Frequency Reconfiguration Using Reconfigurable Matching Network
4.3.3 Frequency Reconfiguration Using Shorting Posts or Reactive Loading of the Radiating Element
4.3.4 Frequency Reconfiguration by Varying the Slot Length
4.3.5 Frequency Reconfiguration Using Metasurfaces
4.4 Frequency Reconfigurable Active Planar Antennas Realized Using Different Approaches
4.5 Summary
References
5 Polarization Reconfigurable Passive and Active Planar Antennas
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Basis of Polarization
5.3 Obtaining Circular Polarization from Microstrip Patch Antennas
5.4 Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna with Switchable Polarization
5.4.1 Reconfigurable Stub Loaded Microstrip Patch Planar Antenna with Switchable Polarization
5.4.2 Reconfigurable Corner Truncated Microstrip Patch Planar Antenna with Switchable Polarization
5.5 Polarization Reconfigurable Slot Antennas
5.6 Polarization Reconfigurable Compact Slot Antennas
5.6.1 Reconfigurable Compact Rectangular Slot Antenna with Switchable Polarization
5.7 Polarization Reconfigurable Active Planar Antennas
5.7.1 Polarization Reconfigurable Active Antenna with a Symmetrically Coupled Passive Radiator
5.7.2 Polarization Reconfigurable Active Antenna with an Asymmetrically Coupled Passive Radiator
5.8 Summary
References
6 Radiation Pattern Reconfigurable Passive and Active Planar Antennas
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Concept of Radiation Pattern Reconfigurability in Antennas
6.3 Beam Steering/Switching in Passive Planar Antennas
6.4 Beam Steering/Switching in Active Planar Antennas
6.5 Summary
References
7 Null Broadening and Steering in Passive Planar Antennas
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Null Steering Antennas
7.3 Null Broadening Techniques
7.4 Four-Element Slot Array Antenna with DT Distribution
7.4.1 Array Design
7.4.2 Results
7.5 Four-Element Slot Array Antenna with Binomial Distribution
7.5.1 Array Design
7.5.2 Results
7.6 Null Steering
7.7 Summary
References
8 Compound Reconfigurable Planar Antennas
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Compound Reconfigurable Antennas
8.3 Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna with Polarization Agility in Two Switchable Frequency Bands
8.4 Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna with Polarization Agility in Three Switchable Frequency Bands
8.5 Summary
References
9 Applications of Reconfigurable Planar Antennas in Wireless Communication Systems
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Applications of Frequency Reconfigurable Antennas
9.3 Applications of Polarization Reconfigurable Antennas
9.4 Applications of Pattern Reconfigurable Antennas
9.5 Applications of Compound Reconfigurable Antennas
9.6 Future Directions
9.7 Scope of Reconfigurable Passive Planar Antennas for Future Wireless Applications
9.8 Scope of Active Integrated Planar Antennas in Power Combining
9.9 Non-linearity of Switches at High RF Power
References
Index