Recent Technologies for Disaster Management and Risk Reduction: Sustainable Community Resilience & Responses (Earth and Environmental Sciences Library)

✍ Scribed by Praveen Kumar Rai (editor), Prafull Singh (editor), Varun Narayan Mishra (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 483
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book explains to governments, decision makers and disaster professionals the potential uses of recent technologies for disaster monitoring and risk reduction based on the knowledge and experience of prominent experts/researchers in the relevant fields. It discusses the application of recent technological developments for emerging disaster risks in today's societies and deliberates on the various aspects of disaster risk reduction strategies, especially through sustainable community resilience and responses. This book consists of selected invited papers on disaster management, which focus on community resilience and responses towards disaster risk reduction based on experiences, and closely examines the coordinated research activities involving all stakeholders, especially the communities at risk. Many regions of the world and aspects of disaster risk and its management are covered. It is described how recent technologies will support better understanding and actionto reduce the number and impact of disasters in future. The principal audience for this book is researchers, urban planners, policy makers, as well as students.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Geophysical Disasters
Glacial Lake Outflow Hazard and Risk Probability in Sikkim
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Site Description
2.2 Data
2.3 Methodology
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Glacial Lake Inventory
3.2 Hazardous Glacial Lakes
3.3 Temporal Changes of the Vulnerable Lakes
3.4 Change Detection of Selected Lakes
3.5 Causes for Water Rise in Glacial Lakes
3.6 Socio-Economic Impact of Rising Glacial Lakes
4 Conclusion
References
Earthquake Hazards and Monitoring of Seismo-ionospheric Precursor
1 Introduction
1.1 Intensity of Earthquake
1.2 The Richter Magnitude Scale
1.3 The Mercalli Scale
1.4 Modified Mercalli Intensity Scale (MM-Scale)
2 Techniques to Measure Earthquake
2.1 Seismograph or Seismometer
2.2 Earthquake Preparation Process
3 Impending Earthquake Signals
3.1 Seismo-ionospheric Precursor
4 Results and Discussions
4.1 Monitoring of Seismo-ionospheric Precursor Using GPS
4.2 Seismo-ionospheric Precursor using VLF
5 Summary
References
Seismic Hazard Zonation Mapping of Gangtok Block, Sikkim, India
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Relationship Between Slope and Seismic Activity
3.2 Relationship Between Lithology and Seismic Activities
3.3 Relationship Between Land-Use/Land-Cover (LU/LC) and Seismic Activity
3.4 Relationship Between Soil and Seismic Activity
4 Conclusion
References
Rockfall Hazard Assessment Using RAMMS for the SE Facing Escarpment of Manikaran, Himachal Pradesh, India
1 Introduction
1.1 Geology of Study Area
1.2 Geomorphological Study of Rockfall Site at Manikaran
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Working of RAMMS: ROCKFALL Module
3 Results and Discussions
3.1 Rockfall Scenario with 6.4 m3 Rock Volume
3.2 Rockfall Scenario with 32 m3 Rock Volume
4 Conclusions
References
Surface Displacement Analysis of Road-Cut Slopes in the Vicinity of Koteshwar Area, Uttarakhand, India
1 Introduction
2 Study Area and Data Used
3 Methodology
4 Results and Discussion
5 Concluding Remarks
References
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment in the Built-Up Environment of Rispana River Catchment, Dehradun, Indian Himalayas
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Methodology
3.1 CARTOSAT 1
3.2 Rapid Screening Procedure Method
3.3 Basis Structural Hazard (BSH) and Performance Modification Factors (PMFs)
3.4 Seismic Damageability of the Structure
4 Results and Discussion
5 Conclusion and Recommendations
Appendix
References
Hydrological Disasters
Flood Mapping and Vulnerability Assessment Using Geospatial Techniques: A Case Study of Lower Periyar River Basin, Kerala
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Site Description
2.2 Data and Methods
2.3 Datasets
2.4 Method
2.5 Processing Sentinel-1 Image
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
RS-GIS Based Constructive Measures for Flood Prone Agricultural Land of Sabour Block of Bhagalpur District, Bihar
1 Introduction
2 Material and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Satellite Images, Hardware and Software
2.3 Soil Sample Collection, Processing and Its Interpretation
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
Monitoring North Bihar Flood of 2020 Using Geospatial Technologies
1 Introduction
1.1 Types of Flood
2 Review of Literature
2.1 Site Description
3 Materials
3.1 Landsat 8
3.2 PERSIANN-Based Precipitation Product
3.3 IMD Rainfall Data
3.4 MODIS NRT Flood Product
3.5 Sentinel-1A (SAR) Satellite Data
4 Methodology
4.1 MODIS NRT Flood Product
4.2 Sentinel-1A (SAR) Satellite
4.3 Processing of SAR Data
4.4 Binarization Process
4.5 CHRS PERSIANN
5 Result and Discussion
5.1 LULC Delineation of Four Districts of North Bihar
5.2 Spatio-Temporal Precipitation Pattern Over the Study Area Based on CHRS PERSIANN Dataset
5.3 MODIS NRT-Based Flood Inundation Assessment
5.4 Flood Inundation Evaluation Based on Sentinel-1A (SAR)
5.5 Impact of Flood Inundation Over the Agriculture and Built-Up Land (LULC Classes)
6 Conclusion
References
Climatological and Meteorological Disasters
A Review of Tropical Cyclone Disaster Management Using Geospatial Technologies in India
1 Introduction
1.1 Indian Sub-basin and Its Characteristics
1.2 Movement of Cyclones in Bay of Bengal
2 Observation and Monitoring Techniques of Tropical Cyclones in India
2.1 Land-Based Observation
2.2 Meteorological Satellite Payloads
2.3 Satellite-Based Observations
3 Potential Damages Caused by Tropical Cyclones in India
3.1 A Brief Overview About the Development of “Early Warning Systems” in India
3.2 Radars: India
4 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Forest Fire Susceptibility Mapping for Uttarakhand State by Using Geospatial Techniques
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Study Area
2.2 Methodology
2.3 IGBP LULC Fire Danger Index
2.4 Slope Fire Danger Index
2.5 Aspect Fire Danger Index
2.6 Elevation Danger Index
2.7 MODIS Global Disturbance Index (MGDI)
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusions
References
Investigation of Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall Relationship with the Bay of Bengal Sea Surface Temperature and Currents
1 Introduction
2 Data Description and Methodology
3 Conclusion
References
Biological Disasters
Climate Change and Its Impact on the Outbreak of Vector-Borne Diseases
1 Introduction
1.1 Background: Climate Change
1.2 Vector-Borne Diseases
2 Vector: Mosquito
3 Direct Effects of Weather and Climate
4 Indirect Effects of Weather and Climate
5 Pathogens and Climate Change
5.1 Temperature
5.2 Humidity and Rainfall
5.3 CO2
5.4 Wind
6 Pathogen Transmission
6.1 Dengue Virus Complex
6.2 Chikungunya Virus
6.3 Zika Virus
7 Climate and Vector
7.1 Temperature
7.2 Humidity and Rainfall
7.3 Interaction Between Temperature, Precipitation, and Vector Habitat
8 Mitigtion Measures
8.1 Managing Vector-Borne Diseases Through Vector Control
8.2 Managing Vector-Borne Diseases by Aiming at Pathogens
9 Climate and Health
9.1 Adaptation Control Measures for Preventing Vector-Borne Diseases
9.2 Sustainability and Renewability
10 Conclusion
References
Human Health Hazards and Risks in the Agriculture Sector
1 Introduction
1.1 Agriculture Allied Sectors and Their Risks
1.2 Literature Review
2 Health Hazards During Agricultural Operations/Activities
3 India Data on Agricultural Fatalities
4 Agricultural Fatalities Data of India Versus Other Countries
5 Causes of Fatalities
5.1 Bad Quality Water Consumption Effects on Human Health and Crop Production
6 Agricultural Accident Reduction or Minimization
7 Conclusion
References
Impact of Climate Change on Crop Production and Its Consequences on Human Health
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Site Description
2.2 Data Used
2.3 Methodology
3 Results
3.1 Outcomes of Assessing the Climate Change Impacts on Crop Production
3.2 Machine Learning-Based Modeling for Assessment of Change in Crop Production Due to Climate Conditions
4 Discussion
4.1 Impact of Adverse Climatic Conditions on Crops and Their Consequences on Human Health
5 Limitations, Future Scope, and Way Forward
6 Conclusion
References
A Remote Sensing and GIS Approach Toward the Analysis of Patel Milmet Dam Burst, Kenya
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Site Description
2.2 Datasets Used
3 Results and Discussion
4 Conclusion
References
The Geography of Climate Change Adaptation in the Vietnam Northern Mountains: A Quantitative Analysis for Intentions of Indigenous Ethnic Minorities Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Protection Motivation Theory (PMT)
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
2.1 Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)
3 The Case Analysis
3.1 The Van Chan Moutainous District
3.2 Data Collection
3.3 Reliability
3.4 Factor Analysis
3.5 Structural Modeling
3.6 Bootstrapping
3.7 Multi-group Structural Analysis
4 Conclusions
References
Environmental Degradation and Disaster
Role of Space-Borne Remote Sensing Technology for Monitoring of Urban and Environmental Hazards
1 Introduction
2 Urban Flood Mapping and Estimation of Run-Off Using Space-Borne Microwave Remote Sensing
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Site Description
3.2 Methods
4 Results and Conclusion
4.1 Results
5 Conclusion
References
Urban and Environmental Hazards
1 Introduction
2 Environmental Pollution
2.1 Types and Sources
2.2 Air Pollution
2.3 Water Pollution
2.4 Soil Pollution and Solid Waste
3 Urban Heat Island
3.1 Causes and Formation
3.2 Impacts of Urban Heat Island
3.3 Effect of UHI on Global and Indian Level
3.4 Mitigation Measures
3.5 Case Study—New Delhi, 2014
4 Flood
4.1 Causes of Flood
4.2 Flood Measurement
4.3 Scientific and Administrative Measures to Mitigate the Flood Hazard
5 Earthquakes
5.1 Types and Causes of Earthquake
5.2 Effects and After Effects of Earthquake
5.3 Distribution of Earthquakes
5.4 Scientific and Administrative Measures to Mitigate Hazards Associated with Earthquakes
6 Conclusions
References
Environmental Hazards Due to Grassland Ecosystem Degradation: Perspectives on Land Management in India
1 Introduction
2 Problem Identification
3 Grassland Degradation: India Scenario
4 Grassland Restoration and Management
5 Restoration Strategies in India
6 Grassland Studies Using Geo-informatics
7 Conclusions
References
Assessing of Soil Erosion Risk Through Geoinformation Sciences and Remote Sensing—A Review
1 Introduction
2 Soil Erosion
2.1 General Theory
2.2 Erosion Types
2.3 Erosion Model Types and Structures
2.4 Some Important Erosion Model Parameters
2.5 Basic Methods, Tools, and Standards for Soil Erosion Risk Assessment
3 Expert-Based Methods
3.1 MESALES Model
4 Model-Based Methods
4.1 Empirical Models
4.2 Conceptual Models
4.3 Physically-Based Models
5 Outlook on Artificial Intelligence Based Methods and Neural Network for Soil Erosion Risk Assessment
5.1 ANN (Artificial Neural Networks)
5.2 RF (Random Forest) Model
5.3 WSRF (Weighted Subspace Random Forest)
5.4 NB (Naïve Bayes) Method
5.5 ImpelERO (Integrated Model to Predict European Land)
5.6 SSAO-MARS (Social Spider Algorithm Optimized the Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines) Method
5.7 MPFPR (Multi-parameter Fuzzy Pattern Recognition)
6 Discussions and Conclusions
References
A Comparative Study of Interpolation Methods for Mapping Soil Properties: A Case Study of Eastern Part of Madhya Pradesh, India
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Site Description
2.2 Soil Sampling and Analysis
2.3 Spatial Interpolation Methods
2.4 Kriging
2.5 Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW)
2.6 Spline
2.7 Comparison Criteria of Interpolation Methods
2.8 Factor Affecting Interpolation Accuracy
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Factor Affecting Interpolation Accuracy
3.2 Interpolation and Validation
3.3 Soil Nutrient Status
3.4 Relation Between Soil Nutrients
4 Conclusion
References
Detection of Coal Mine Fire Using Landsat-8 OLI/TIRS Satellite Data in Ramgarh and Hazaribagh Coalfields, India
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Data and Methodology
3.1 Ground Data Collection and Validation
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Estimation of NDVI and LST Maps
4.2 Validation of Derived LST Maps
5 Conclusions
References
Geospatial Application for Coastal Morphology Changes Along the Sand Mining Coast: A Case Study on Alappad, Kerala
1 Introduction
2 Study Area
3 Data and Methodology
4 Delineation of the Shoreline Positional Change
5 Shoreline Change and Coastal Morphology
6 Result and Discussion
7 Dynamics of the Coastline Between 1973 and 2019
8 Impact of the Shoreline Change in Coastal Morphology
9 Conclusion
References