Reactive and Membrane-Assisted Separations

• Publisher: De Gruyter
• Year: 2016
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 434
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Process intensification aims for increasing efficiency and sustainability of (bio-)chemical production processes. This book presents strategies for improving fluid separation such as reactive distillation, reactive absorption and membrane assisted separations. The authors discuss computer simulation, model development, methodological approaches for synthesis and the design and scale-up of final industrial processes.

• Process intensification leads to decreasing production costs, increasing product quality and high sustainability within the production process.
• One of the main topics in chemical engineering

✦ Table of Contents

List of contributing authors
Preface
Contents
1 Introduction to process intensification
1.1 Background on process intensification
1.1.1 Definitions of PI
1.1.2 Performance indicators for PI
1.2 Scales and principles behind process intensification
1.2.1 PI at different scales
1.2.2 Principle behind process intensification
1.2.3 Process intensification within this textbook
1.3 Process synthesis/design
1.3.1 State of the art: process synthesis/design methods
1.3.2 Process synthesis/design methods to achieve PI from a PSE toolbox
1.4 Take-home messages
1.5 Quiz
1.5.1 General PI
1.5.2 Process and plant: Hybrid separations
1.5.3 Operation and equipment: Dividing wall columns
1.5.4 Phase and transport: Equilibrium reaction
1.5.5 Fundamental and molecular: Equilibrium reaction
1.6 Solutions
2 Hybrid separation processes
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Synthesis of hybrid separation processes
2.2.1 Heuristic rules
2.2.2 Thermodynamic insight
2.2.3 Model-based approaches and mathematical programming
2.3 Conceptual design of hybrid separation processes
2.3.1 Process synthesis framework
2.3.2 Shortcut methods
2.3.3 Methods based on conceptual design models
2.3.4 Methods based on detailed rate-based models
2.4 Illustration of exemplary applications of hybrid separation processes
2.4.1 Case study 1: Distillation and melt crystallization
2.4.2 Case study 2: Distillation and organic solvent nanofiltration
2.4.3 Case study 3: Distillation with vapor permeation and/or adsorption
2.5 Take-home messages
2.6 Quiz
2.6.1 Hybrid separation processes
2.6.2 Synthesis of hybrid separation processes
2.6.3 Conceptual design of hybrid separation processes
2.7 Solutions
2.7.1 Hybrid separation processes
2.7.2 Synthesis of hybrid separation processes
2.7.3 Conceptual design of hybrid separation processes
3 Reactive distillation
3.1 Fundamentals
3.1.1 Benefits and drawbacks
3.1.2 Configurations
3.1.3 Column internals
3.2 Applications
3.2.1 Reactive distillation within the chemical industry
3.2.2 Reactive distillation technology for white biotechnology
3.3 Modeling
3.3.1 Equilibrium-stage modeling approaches
3.3.2 Nonequilibrium-stage modeling approaches
3.4 Conceptual design of reactive distillation column
3.4.1 Model-based design approaches for reactive distillation in columns
3.4.2 Operation and hardware selection
3.5 Detailed example
3.5.1 Problem statement
3.5.2 Feasibility
3.5.3 Design
3.6 Take-home messages
3.7 Quiz
3.8 Exercises
3.8.1 Equilibrium reaction
3.8.2 Operating parameter variation
3.9 Solutions
3.9.1 Equilibrium reaction
3.9.2 Operating parameter variation
4 Reactive absorption
4.1 Fundamentals
4.1.1 Separation principle
4.2 Modeling
4.2.1 Mass transfer
4.2.2 Mass transfer and reaction
4.2.3 Hydrodynamics
4.3 Conceptual process design
4.3.1 Design considerations
4.3.2 McCabe–Thiele plot
4.3.3 Side effects
4.4 Applications
4.4.1 Solvent selection
4.4.2 Type of absorbers
4.4.3 Examples of applications
4.5 Detailed examples
4.5.1 Example 1: Separation of CO2 from a flue gas stream
4.5.2 Example 2: Production of nitric acid
4.5.3 Example 3: Biogas upgrading
4.6 Take-home messages
4.7 Quiz
4.8 Exercises
4.8.1 Hydrodynamics and mass transfer efficiency
4.8.2 CO2 absorption using an aqueous solution of NaOH
4.9 Solutions
4.9.1 Reactive absorption
4.9.2 CO2 absorption using 1M NaOH
5 Reactive extraction
5.1 Fundamentals
5.1.1 Separation principle
5.1.2 Reactive extraction
5.1.3 Liquid-liquid equilibrium
5.1.4 Solvent systems
5.1.5 Operation modes
5.1.6 Type of apparatus
5.2 Applications
5.2.1 Approach A: Shifting the thermodynamic equilibrium
5.2.2 Approach B: Retention of homogenous catalysts
5.2.3 Approach C: Shift in the reaction equilibrium
5.3 Modeling
5.3.1 Shortcut models
5.3.2 Detailed model considering mass transfer and kinetics
5.4 Conceptual design
5.4.1 Solvent selection
5.4.2 Design
5.4.3 Equipment selection
5.5 Detailed example
5.6 Take-home messages
5.7 Quiz
5.8 Exercises
5.9 Solutions
6 Membrane-assisted (reactive) distillation
6.1 Fundamentals
6.1.1 Pervaporation and vapor permeation
6.1.2 Membrane-assisted distillation
6.1.3 Membrane-assisted reactive distillation
6.2 Applications
6.2.1 Vapor permeation and pervaporation
6.2.2 Membrane-assisted distillation
6.2.3 Membrane-assisted reactive distillation
6.3 Modeling
6.3.1 Modeling of pervaporation and vapor permeation
6.3.2 Modeling of membrane-assisted (reactive) distillation processes
6.4 Conceptual design of membrane-assisted (reactive) distillation
6.4.1 Feasibility of membrane-assisted (reactive) distillation
6.4.2 Systematic framework for conceptual process design
6.4.3 Superstructure optimization
6.5 Detailed examples
6.5.1 Separation of acetone, isopropanol, and water
6.5.2 Synthesis and purification of dimethyl carbonate and propylene glycol
6.6 Take-home messages
6.7 Quiz
6.8 Exercises
6.8.1 Pervaporation
6.8.2 Vapor permeation
6.8.3 Membrane-assisted distillation
6.8.4 Membrane-assisted reactive distillation
6.9 Solutions
6.9.1 Pervaporation
6.9.2 Vapor permeation
6.9.3 Membrane-assisted distillation
6.9.4 Membrane-assisted reactive distillation
7 OSN-assisted reaction and distillation processes
7.1 Fundamentals
7.1.1 Separation principle
7.1.2 OSN membrane characterization methods
7.1.3 Membrane materials and module types
7.2 Applications
7.3 Modeling
7.3.1 Solution-diffusion models
7.3.2 Pore-flow models
7.3.3 Detailed models
7.4 Design of OSN-assisted processes
7.4.1 Conceptual design
7.4.2 Detailed process design
7.5 Examples
7.5.1 Example 1: Integration of OSN and reaction
7.5.2 Example 2: Integration of OSN and distillation
7.6 Take-home messages
7.7 Quiz
7.7.1 OSN fundamentals
7.7.2 Process design for OSN
7.8 Exercises
7.9 Solutions
7.9.1 OSN fundamentals
7.9.2 Process design for OSN
7.9.3 Exercises
8 Centrifugally enhanced vapor/gas-liquid processing
8.1 Fundamentals
8.1.1 Historical Background
8.1.2 Separation principles
8.2 Applications
8.2.1 Reactive systems
8.2.2 Gas-liquid contacting systems
8.2.3 Potential future applications
8.3 Modeling and design
8.3.1 Mass transfer evaluation
8.3.2 Rotor design
8.3.3 Design method for RPBs
8.4 Detailed examples
8.4.1 Example 1: Production of hypochlorous acid
8.4.2 Example 2: Modular and flexible container systems
8.4.3 Example 3: High-pressure distillation
8.5 Take-home messages
8.6 Quiz
8.7 Exercises
8.7.1 High-pressure distillation
8.8 Solutions
8.8.1 High-pressure distillation
Index