Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One: Biopolymers, Polyesters, Polyurethanes, Resins and Silicones

✍ Scribed by Tomy J. Gutiérrez (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 434
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Reactive and functional polymers are manufactured with the aim of improving the performance of unmodified polymers or providing functionality for different applications. These polymers are created mainly through chemical reactions, but there are other important modifications that can be carried out by physical alterations in order to obtain reactive and functional polymers. This volume presents a comprehensive analysis of these reactive and functional polymers.

Reactive and Functional Polymers Volume One provides the principles and foundations for the design, development, manufacture and processing of reactive and functional polymers based primarily on biopolymers, polyesters and polyurenthanes. The text provides an in-depth review of updated sources on reactive resins and silicones. In this book, world-renowned researchers have participated, including Dr. Runcang Sun (Associate editor for the journal ‘Carbohydrate Polymers’). With its comprehensive scope and up-to-date coverage of issues and trends in Reactive and Functional Polymers, this is an outstanding book for students, professors, researchers and industrialists working in the field of polymers and plastic materials.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
About the Editor
Chapter 1: Introduction to Reactive and Functional Polymers: A Note From the Editor
1.1 Fundamentals for Reactive and Functional Polymers
References
Chapter 2: Biodegradable and Functional Synthetic Polymers in Nanomedicine: Controlled and Targeted Bioactive Molecule Release
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Biodegradable Synthetic Polymers for Bioactive Delivery
2.3 PEG as a Hydrophilic Polymer
2.3.1 PEGylated Drugs on the Market
2.3.2 Small PEGylated Bioactive Compounds
2.4 PLGA as a Selected Amphiphilic Polymer
2.4.1 Design of PLGA-Based Systems for Delivering Micromolecular Drugs
2.4.2 PLGA-Based Nanosystems for the Transfer of Biomacromolecules
2.5 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Chapter 3: Reactive Modification of Fiber Polymer Materials for Textile Applications
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Fiber Modifications
3.2.1 Alkali Treatments
3.2.2 Crosslinking
3.2.2.1 Treatments to Improve Mechanical Resilience
3.2.2.2 Treatments to Impart Mechanical and Chemical Stability
3.2.2.3 Treatments as a Means of Fixing Functionalization Agents
3.2.3 Grafting
3.2.3.1 Anionic and Cationic Polymerization
3.2.3.2 Ring Opening Polymerization (ROP)
3.2.3.3 Radical Polymerization
3.2.3.3.1 Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization (ATRP)
3.2.3.3.2 Nitroxide-Mediated Polymerization (NMP)
3.2.3.3.3 Reversible Addition-Fragmentation Chain Transfer Polymerization (RAFT)
3.2.4 Polymer Deposition
3.3 Summary and Outlook
References
Chapter 4: Reactive Processing and Functionalization of Ground Tire Rubber
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Reactive Sintering of GTR
4.3 Functionalization and Modification of GTR
4.3.1 Reclaiming/Devulcanization
4.3.2 Increasing the Polarity of the GTR Surface
4.3.3 Using Coupling Agents and Additives
4.3.4 Grafting of Chemical Compounds on the Surface of GTR
4.4 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
Chapter 5: Lignin as a Natural Antioxidant: Property-Structure Relationship and Potential Applications
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Antioxidant Activity-Structure Relationship
5.3 Preparation of Lignin With High Antioxidant Activity
5.4 Mechanism of Lignin Toxicity and Cell Damage
5.5 Applications of Lignin as an Antioxidant
5.5.1 Applications in Anti-UV Agents and Photosensitive Materials
5.5.2 Applications in Asphalt Binders
5.5.3 Applications in Biomaterials
5.5.4 Applications in Conductive Materials
5.5.5 Applications in Packaging Materials
5.5.6 Applications of Lignin as a Thermal Oxidation Stabilizer
5.6 Challenges of Integrating Lignin into Polymers
5.7 Lignin as Raw Material for the Production of Antioxidants
5.8 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 6: Functional Biobased Composite Polymers for Food Packaging Applications
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Biobased Polymers
6.2.1 Polysaccharide Biomass
6.2.2 Protein Biomass
6.2.3 Lipid and Wax Biomass
6.3 Nanoreinforcement
6.3.1 Clays and Silicate-Based Fillers
6.3.2 Metallic Nanostructures
6.3.3 Carbon-Based Nanomaterials
6.3.4 Polysaccharide Based Nanostructures
6.4 Processing Techniques for Biobased Nanocomposites
6.4.1 In-Situ Polymerization
6.4.2 Melt Processing
6.4.3 Solution Based Approaches: Wet Chemistry
6.4.4 High Shear Mixing and Roll Milling
6.4.5 Other Methods
6.5 Properties of Polymer Nanocomposites
6.5.1 Barrier Properties
6.5.2 Mechanical Properties
6.5.3 Optical Properties
6.5.4 Thermal Properties
6.5.5 Surface Properties
6.5.6 Functional Properties
6.6 Food Packaging Applications
6.7 Conclusions and Remarks
References
Chapter 7: Synthesis of Biobased Polyurethane Foams From Agricultural and Forestry Wastes
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Conversion Technologies for Ligocellulosic Biomass
7.1.2 Polyurethanes
7.1.3 Methods for the Synthesis of PU Foams
7.2 Biopolyols Derived From Fast Pyrolysis and PUs
7.2.1 Biopolyols Derived From Fast Pyrolysis
7.2.2 Preparation of PU Foams by Using Biopolyols Derived From Fast Pyrolysis
7.3 Biopolyols Derived From Liquefaction and PUs
7.3.1 Biopolyols Derived From Liquefaction
7.3.2 PU Foams Preparation by Using Biopolyols Derived From Liquefaction
7.4 Biopolyols Derived From Organosolv Fractionation and PUs
7.4.1 Biopolyols Derived From Organosolv Fractionation
7.4.2 PU Foams Preparation By Using Biopolyols Derived From Organosolv Fractionation
7.5 Summary and Future Perspectives
References
Chapter 8: Reactive and Functional Polyesters and Polyurethanes
8.1 Polyesters
8.1.1 Unsaturated Polyesters (UPs)
8.1.1.1 Introduction
8.1.1.2 Monomers
8.1.1.2.1 Glycols
8.1.1.2.2 Dicarboxylic Acid or Anhydride
8.1.1.2.3 Reactive Monomers
8.1.1.3 Production
8.1.1.4 Final Reactions of Reactive UP
8.1.1.5 Uses and Applications
8.1.2 Saturated Polyesters
8.1.2.1 Introduction
8.1.2.2 Monomers
8.1.2.2.1 Glycols
8.1.2.2.2 Dicarboxylic Acids or Anhydrides
8.1.2.3 Production
8.1.2.4 Final Reactions on Saturated Reactive Polyester
8.1.2.5 Applications and Uses
8.2 Polyurethanes (PUs)
8.2.1 Introduction
8.2.2 Monomers
8.2.2.1 Polyols
8.2.2.1.1 Polyethers
8.2.2.1.2 Polyesters
8.2.2.1.3 Acrylic Polyols
8.2.2.1.4 Polybutadiene Polyols
8.2.2.1.5 Polysiloxane Polyols
8.2.2.1.6 Aminic Polyols
8.2.2.2 Diisocyanates
8.2.3 Chemistry of PUs
8.2.4 Production of PUs
8.2.4.1 Solvent-Borne PU Synthesis
8.2.4.2 Waterborne PU (WPU) Synthesis
8.2.5 Reactive PUs
8.2.5.1 One-Component Reactive PUs
8.2.5.2 Two-Component Reactive PUs
8.2.6 Applications and Uses
8.3 Conclusions and Perspectives
References
Chapter 9: Lignin as a Coating and Curing Agent on Biodegradable Epoxy Resins
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Lignin Epoxy Resin
9.3 Conclusions and Remarks
References
Chapter 10: Reactive Silicones as Multifacetic Materials
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Structures and Properties of Silicones
10.2.1 Physical Properties of Silicones Polymers
10.3 Manufacture of Silicones
10.3.1 Synthesis of Different Chlorosilanes
10.3.2 Nucleophilic Substitution of Chlorosilanes
10.3.2.1 Condensation Polymerization for the Formation of Silicone Polymers
10.4 Uses and Benefits
10.4.1 Personal Care Products
10.4.2 Energy Silicone
10.4.3 Electronics
10.4.4 Aviation
10.4.5 Thickening and Thixotropy
10.4.6 Reinforcement
10.4.7 Free Flow Agent
10.4.8 Thermal Isolation
10.4.9 Thermal Aging Resistance of the Silicone Polymer
10.4.10 Chemical Aging and Weather Resistance of Silicone Polymers
10.4.11 Release Properties
10.4.12 Silicone Rubber Nanocomposites
10.4.13 Super Ball Show
10.5 Silicones and Bio-Performance
10.5.1 The Notion of Biocompatibility
10.5.2 Biocompatibility of Silicones
10.5.3 Pharmaceutical Applications
10.5.4 Epidemiology
10.6 The Impact of Silicones on The Environment
10.6.1 Impact on Air, Soil and Water
10.6.2 Recycling
10.7 Conclusions
References
Chapter 11: Reactive and Functional Silicones for Special Applications
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Synthesis of Functional Silicones: Classic and Modern Approaches
11.2.1 Synthesis of Functional Polysiloxanes From Silane Monomers
11.2.2 ROP of Functional Cyclosiloxanes
11.2.3 Post-Functionalization of Silicones
11.3 Silicones for Electromechanical Applications
11.3.1 Polysiloxanes With Polar Groups in Dielectric Elastomers
11.3.2 Polar Crosslinking Centers
11.4 Functional Silicones in Liquid Crystalline Materials
11.4.1 Low Mw and Polymeric Siloxane-Containing LCs
11.4.2 Polysiloxane-Based Liquid Crystalline Elastomers
11.4.3 Polymer-Dispersed LCs (PDLCs) and Hybrid LC Materials
11.5 Functional Silicones as Surfactants
11.6 Functional Silicones for Biomedical Applications
11.7 Reactive and Functional Siloxanes as Ligands for Metals
11.8 Miscellaneous: Special Properties and Applications of Functional Silicones
11.9 Conclusions
References
Chapter 12: Maxillofacial Silicone Elastomers in Dentistry
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Conclusions
References
Chapter 13: Synthetic Methods and Applications of Functional and Reactive Silicone Polymers
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Silicon Nomenclature
13.3 Properties of Siloxane Polymers
13.4 Traditional Preparations of Siloxane Polymers
13.5 Crosslinking of Siloxane Polymers
13.6 Recent Advances in Siloxane Chemistry
13.7 Silicone Surfactants
13.8 Inherent Reactivity of the Siloxane Bond
13.9 Outlook and Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: Hydrosilyl-Functional Polysiloxanes: Synthesis, Reactions and Applications
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Synthesis of PHS and PMHS
14.2.1 Synthesis of PMHS With Linear and Ring Structures
14.2.2 Synthesis of PHS and PMHS with Branched, Cage, Dendritic, Ladder and Star Structures
14.2.3 Synthesis and Characterization of Random Branched PMHS
14.2.4 Synthesis of PHS and PMHS With Cage Structures
14.2.5 Densely Crosslinked Hybrid Materials Based on PMHS
14.2.6 Synthesis of Dendritic Poly(siloxysilane)s Containing H-Silane Functionalities
14.3 Most Important Achievements in a Field of Chemistry and Technology of PMHS
14.3.1 The Tacticity (Microstructure) of PMHS Chains
14.4 Synthesis of Branched Random Poly(methylhydroborosiloxane)s (PMHBS)
14.5 PHS and PMHS Reactions
14.5.1 Acidolysis, Alcoholysis, Hydrolysis and Oxidation Reactions of the Si-H Bond
14.5.2 Hydrosilylation Reactions
14.5.2.1 Synthesis of Hybrid Silicone-Based Materials from PMHS
14.5.3 Synthesis of Polysiloxanes by Dehydrocarbocondensation of H-Silanes and H-Siloxanes with Alkoxysilanes
14.5.4 Dehydrocondensation Reaction of H-Silanes and H-Siloxanes With Silanols
14.6 Applications of PMHS
14.6.1 General Applications of PMHS
14.6.2 Liquid-Crystalline Derivatives from PMHS
14.6.2.1 Synthesis of Liquid Crystalline Elastomers and Thermosets
14.6.3 Crosslinking of Silicone Elastomers and Rubbers with PMHS
14.6.4 Synthesis of Hybrid Inorganic-Organic Copolymers
14.6.5 Modification of the Properties of Polyolefins and Polydienes by the Hydrosilylation Method
14.6.6 Modification of Elastomers Properties with Linear PMHS
14.6.7 Modification of Properties of Other Polymers with PMHS
14.6.8 Functionalization of Nanosilica with the Si-H Groups
14.6.9 Modification of Surface Properties of Other Inorganic Supports and Fillers
14.7 Summary
14.8 Conclusions
References
Correction to: Introduction to Reactive and Functional Polymers: A Note From the Editor
Index