R&D Decisions: Strategy Policy and Innovations (Routledge Research in Strategic Management)

✍ Scribed by Alice Belcher, John Hassard, Stephen Procter

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 1996
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 292
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

R&D Decisions, Strategy, Policy and Innovations explores how research and development decisions affect all of us. They are linked inextricably to the performance of firms and of economics as a whole. Their importance means that they are of concern to a large number of practitioners, policy-makers and researchers. This book demonstrates the range of issues and perspectives which R&D can encompass and at the same time brings out the elements which unite them. The papers in this book are organized into three main sections: * Strategy and Organization explores the importance of R&D and of the structures and strategies of individual organizations. The emerging 'core competence paradigm' is especially noted. * Policy and Performance looks at what new thinking on R&D more generally implies for government policy and the performance of industries, regions and economies. * Disclosure and the Market examines issues raised by changing regulations on the disclosure of R&D expenditure.

✦ Table of Contents

0415137772fm.pdf......Page 1
R&D Decisions: Strategy, policy and disclosure......Page 3
FIGURES......Page 7
TABLES......Page 9
CONTRIBUTORS......Page 11
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 16
CONTENTS......Page 5
STRATEGY AND ORGANIZATION......Page 17
TABLE OF CONTENTS......Page 0
POLICY AND PERFORMANCE......Page 22
DISCLOSURE AND THE MARKET......Page 29
THEMES AND ISSUES......Page 35
REFERENCES......Page 37
Part I: STRATEGY AND ORGANIZATION......Page 38
CHAPTER 1: CORE COMPETENCIES AND THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF R&D......Page 39
1 THE CORE COMPETENCE PARADIGM......Page 40
2 TRENDS IN THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND R&D......Page 42
3 THE LINK BETWEEN CORE COMPETENCIES AND STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT OF R&D......Page 46
Multiple characteristics of technology......Page 49
Criteria for longer-term R&D projects......Page 50
Measuring the effectiveness of R&D......Page 51
5 CONCLUSION......Page 52
REFERENCES......Page 53
CHAPTER 2: R&D INITIATIVES AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRATEGIC ADVANTAGE......Page 55
CORPORATE STRATEGY AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION......Page 56
CHARACTERIZING COMPETENCES AND TECHNOLOGIES......Page 57
The strategic rationale for an innovating project......Page 60
Trajectories and the course of competence development in the firm......Page 62
The appropriation of returns to innovating......Page 64
FOUR EMPIRICAL CASES......Page 65
The nature of and rationales for the innovations......Page 66
The course of competence development to date......Page 68
Appropriability of the innovations......Page 70
CONCLUSIONS......Page 73
REFERENCES......Page 75
CHAPTER 3: THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS IN TECHNOLOGY STRATEGY......Page 78
What is licensing and why do firms license?......Page 79
Some basic propositions......Page 80
RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY......Page 81
THE RESULTS......Page 84
REFERENCES......Page 90
CHAPTER 4: R&D STRATEGY AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR MANAGEMENT CONTROL......Page 92
THE INNOVATORY PROCESS......Page 94
Change, the pharmaceutical industry and GRD......Page 100
Managing research within GRD......Page 101
Rewarding performance and managing working time......Page 104
The role of external links......Page 105
CONCLUSION......Page 107
NOTES......Page 109
REFERENCES......Page 110
Part II: POLICY AND PERFORMANCE......Page 112
CHAPTER 5: NEW VIEWS OF INNOVATION AND CHALLENGES TO R&D POLICY......Page 113
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF TECHNOLOGY POLICY IN THE POST-WAR PERIOD......Page 114
THE CHANGED POLICY ENVIRONMENT......Page 118
MODERN INNOVATION RESEARCH: CORE IDEAS AND IMPLICATIONS......Page 120
THE NATURE OF TECHNOLOGY......Page 121
UNDERSTANDING THE INNOVATION PROCESS......Page 122
SOME CORE RESEARCH ISSUES......Page 124
THE BASIC RATIONALE FOR PUBLIC POLICY......Page 125
UNDERSTANDING DIVERSITY: TYPOLOGIES OF INNOVATION PROCESSES......Page 127
EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTS: NATIONAL AND REGIONAL SYSTEMS OF INNOVATION......Page 129
INTERNATIONALIZATION IN TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE......Page 130
NEW TECHNOLOGIES, ECONOMIC GROWTH AND THE SCIENCE BASE......Page 133
TECHNOLOGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT......Page 134
REFERENCES......Page 135
CHAPTER 6: FROM COMMON SENSE TO SHORT-TERMISM......Page 137
THE INFLUENCE OF CAPITAL MARKETS ON SHORT-TERMISM......Page 139
MANAGEMENT CONTROL AND REWARD SYSTEMS......Page 146
RESEARCH METHODS......Page 151
THE FINDINGS OF THE STUDY......Page 152
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 157
REFERENCES......Page 161
CHAPTER 7: HIGH TECHNOLOGY EMPLOYMENT AND THE ACHIEVEMENT OF R&D SPILLOVERS......Page 166
Research spillovers......Page 167
PRELIMINARY DATA ANALYSIS......Page 169
MODEL SPECIFICATION......Page 173
RESULTS......Page 174
CONCLUSIONS......Page 177
NOTES......Page 178
REFERENCES......Page 179
Data appendix sources......Page 180
2 MEASURING APPROPRIABILITY BY PATENT SCOPE......Page 181
3 EMPIRICAL BACKGROUND......Page 184
4 FIXED EFFECTS MODELS OF PATENTING ACTIVITY......Page 187
5 OWNERSHIP AND PATENTING ACTIVITY......Page 192
6 SPILLOVERS AND FREE-RIDING......Page 195
7 CONCLUSION......Page 196
NOTES......Page 197
REFERENCES......Page 199
CHAPTER 9: CONFLICTS OF INTEREST IN R&D COLLABORATION......Page 201
TECHNOLOGY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: IMPLICATIONS FOR COLLABORATIVE BEHAVIOUR......Page 202
THE FUNCTION-PERFORMANCE LINK IN COLLABORATIVE R&D PROJECTS......Page 204
Case A......Page 206
Case B......Page 207
CONCLUSIONS......Page 208
NOTES......Page 209
REFERENCES......Page 210
Part III: DISCLOSURE AND THE MARKET......Page 212
CHAPTER 10: R&D DISCLOSURE......Page 213
Managerial motives......Page 214
Value-maximizing models......Page 215
REGULATORY HISTORY OF R&D DISCLOSURE......Page 218
SURVEY OF UK ANNUAL REPORTS......Page 222
Disclosure of R&D expenditure......Page 224
Compliance with disclosure requirements......Page 226
Compliance with SSAP 13 (revised)......Page 227
Accounting policies......Page 228
Qualitative aspects of R&D disclosure......Page 230
CONCLUSION......Page 231
REFERENCES......Page 232
INTRODUCTION......Page 234
FINANCE AND R&D......Page 236
THE EMPIRICAL MODEL......Page 239
CONCLUSION......Page 247
REFERENCES......Page 249
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 251
Hypothesis 2......Page 252
Hypothesis 4......Page 253
Hypothesis 6......Page 254
Hypothesis 8......Page 255
3 THE CHOICE OF MODEL AND ITS ESTIMATION......Page 256
4 DATA USED......Page 258
5 RESULTS......Page 260
6 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION......Page 265
REFERENCES......Page 267
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 269
2 WAGES, R&D AND THE DISCLOSURE OF R&D DATA ACROSS COUNTRIES......Page 270
Modelling procedure......Page 273
Data description......Page 275
Disclosure equations......Page 277
Wage equations......Page 278
5 CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 280
REFERENCES......Page 281
1 INTRODUCTION......Page 283
2 R&D INVESTMENT STRATEGY BACKGROUND......Page 284
Real option pricing literature......Page 285
R&D investment and discovery uncertainty......Page 286
R&D real option sensitivities......Page 288
4 R&D VALUATION RESEARCH OPTION......Page 290
REFERENCES......Page 291