Radio Engineering for Wireless Communication and Sensor Applications

✍ Scribed by Antti V. Raisanen

• Publisher: Artech House
• Year: 2003
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 416
• Series: Artech House mobile communications series
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Text overviews the basics in radio engineering; the techniques needed to generate, control, detect, and use radio waves. Includes index, illustrations, and list of acronyms.

✦ Table of Contents

Radio Engineering for Wireless
Communication and Sensor
Applications......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 9
Preface......Page 17
Acknowledgments......Page 19
1.1 Radio Waves as a Part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum......Page 21
1.3 Allocation of Radio Frequencies......Page 24
1.4 History of Radio Engineering from Maxwell to the Present......Page 26
2.1 Maxwell¡¯s Equations......Page 31
2.1.1 Maxwell¡¯s Equations in Case of Harmonic Time Dependence......Page 34
2.1.2 Interpretations of Maxwell¡¯s Equations......Page 35
2.2 Fields in Media......Page 37
2.3 Boundary Conditions......Page 40
2.4 Helmholtz Equation and Its Plane Wave Solution......Page 42
2.5 Polarization of a Plane Wave......Page 46
2.6 Reflection and Transmission at a Dielectric Interface......Page 48
2.7 Energy and Power......Page 51
3 Transmission Lines and Waveguides......Page 55
3.1 Basic Equations for Transmission Lines and Waveguides......Page 58
3.2 Transverse Electromagnetic Wave Modes......Page 60
3.3 Transverse Electric and Transverse Magnetic Wave Modes......Page 62
3.4.1 TE Wave Modes in Rectangular Waveguide......Page 64
3.4.2 TM Wave Modes in Rectangular Waveguide......Page 70
3.5 Circular Waveguide......Page 72
3.6 Optical Fiber......Page 76
3.7 Coaxial Line......Page 78
3.8 Microstrip Line......Page 81
3.9 Wave and Signal Velocities......Page 85
3.10 Transmission Line Model......Page 86
4.1 Reflection from a Mismatched Load......Page 89
4.2 Smith Chart......Page 94
4.3 Matching Methods......Page 98
4.3.1 Matching with Lumped Reactive Elements......Page 99
4.3.2 Matching with Tuning Stubs ( with Short Sections of Line)......Page 106
4.3.3 Quarter- Wave Transformer......Page 109
4.3.4 Resistive Matching......Page 114
5.1 Impedance and Admittance Matrices......Page 117
5.2 Scattering Matrices......Page 121
5.3 Signal Flow Graph, Transfer Function, and Gain......Page 124
5.3.1 Mason¡¯s Rule......Page 129
5.3.2 Gain of a Two- Port......Page 131
6 Passive Transmission Line and Waveguide
Devices......Page 135
6.1 Power Dividers and Directional Couplers......Page 136
6.1.1 Power Dividers......Page 137
6.1.2 Coupling and Directivity of a Directional Coupler......Page 139
6.1.3 Scattering Matrix of a Directional Coupler......Page 140
6.1.4 Waveguide Directional Couplers......Page 142
6.1.5 Microstrip Directional Couplers......Page 144
6.2.1 Properties of Ferrite Materials......Page 148
6.2.2 Faraday Rotation......Page 151
6.2.3 Isolators......Page 153
6.3 Other Passive Components and Devices......Page 154
6.3.1 Terminations......Page 155
6.3.2 Attenuators......Page 156
6.3.4 Connectors and Adapters......Page 158
7.1 Resonators......Page 161
7.1.2 Quality Factor......Page 162
7.1.3 Coupled Resonator......Page 164
7.1.4 Transmission Line Section as a Resonator......Page 167
7.1.5 Cavity Resonators......Page 169
7.1.6 Dielectric Resonators......Page 173
7.2 Filters......Page 174
7.2.1 Insertion Loss Method......Page 175
7.2.2 Design of Microwave Filters......Page 181
7.2.3 Practical Microwave Filters......Page 186
8.1 From Electron Tubes to Semiconductor Devices......Page 191
8.2.1 Diodes......Page 192
8.2.2 Transistors......Page 197
8.3 Oscillators......Page 200
8.4.1 Design of Small- Signal and Low- Noise Amplifiers......Page 204
8.4.2 Effect of Nonlinearities and Design of Power Amplifiers......Page 211
8.4.3 Reflection Amplifiers......Page 212
8.5 Frequency Converters ( Mixers) and Frequency Multipliers......Page 213
8.5.1 Mixers......Page 214
8.5.2 Frequency Multipliers......Page 217
8.6 Detectors......Page 218
8.7 Monolithic Microwave Circuits......Page 221
9.1 Fundamental Concepts of Antennas......Page 225
9.2 Calculation of Radiation from Antennas......Page 232
9.3 Radiating Current Element......Page 234
9.4 Dipole and Monopole Antennas......Page 237
9.5 Other Wire Antennas......Page 242
9.6 Radiation from Apertures......Page 245
9.7 Horn Antennas......Page 252
9.8 Reflector Antennas......Page 254
9.9 Other Antennas......Page 256
9.10 Antenna Arrays......Page 259
9.12 Link Between Two Antennas......Page 262
10.1 Environment and Propagation Mechanisms......Page 267
10.2 Tropospheric Attenuation......Page 269
10.3 Bending ( Refraction) of Radio Waves in Troposphere......Page 272
10.4 LOS Path......Page 275
10.5 Reflection from Ground......Page 277
10.6 Multipath Propagation in Cellular Mobile Radio Systems......Page 280
10.7 Propagation Aided by Scattering: Scatter Link......Page 283
10.8 Propagation via Ionosphere......Page 285
10.9 Propagation as a Ground ( Surface) Wave......Page 287
11.1 Transmitters and Receivers......Page 291
11.2.1 Receiver Noise......Page 295
11.2.2 Antenna Noise Temperature......Page 304
11.3 Modulation and Demodulation of Signals......Page 307
11.3.1 Analog Modulation......Page 308
11.3.2 Digital Modulation......Page 317
11.4 Radio Link Budget......Page 324
12.1 Broadcasting......Page 327
12.1.1 Broadcasting in Finland......Page 328
12.1.2 Broadcasting Satellites......Page 330
12.2.1 Terrestrial Radio Links......Page 332
12.3 Wireless Local Area Networks......Page 334
12.4 Mobile Communication......Page 337
12.5.1 Hyperbolic Radionavigation Systems......Page 340
12.5.2 Satellite Navigation Systems......Page 343
12.5.3 Navigation Systems in Aviation......Page 346
12.6.1 Pulse Radar......Page 348
12.6.2 Doppler Radar......Page 352
12.6.3 Frequency- Modulated Radar......Page 354
12.6.4 Surveillance and Tracking Radars......Page 355
12.7 Remote Sensing......Page 356
12.7.1 Radiometry......Page 357
12.7.2 Total Power Radiometer and Dicke Radiometer......Page 360
12.7.3 Remote- Sensing Radar......Page 363
12.8 Radio Astronomy......Page 365
12.8.1 Radio Telescopes and Receivers......Page 366
12.8.2 Antenna Temperature of Radio Sources......Page 369
12.8.3 Radio Sources in the Sky......Page 370
12.9 Sensors for Industrial Applications......Page 373
12.9.2 Resonators......Page 374
12.9.4 Radar Sensors......Page 375
12.10 Power Applications......Page 376
12.11 Medical Applications......Page 377
12.11.1 Thermography......Page 378
12.12 Electronic Warfare......Page 379
12.12.2 EA......Page 380
12.12.3 EP......Page 381
13 Biological Effects and Safety Standards......Page 383
Appendix A: Vector Operations......Page 387
Appendix B: Physical Constants and
Material Parameters......Page 391
List of Acronyms......Page 393
About the Authors......Page 399
Index......Page 401