โ Scribed by Kollmitzer C (ed.)
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Foreword......Page 7
Preface......Page 11
References......Page 17
Acknowledgements......Page 18
Contents......Page 19
1 Motivation......Page 20
2.1 Classical Description of BS......Page 21
2.2 Quantum Mechanics of BS......Page 23
References......Page 29
Quantum Random Number Generation......Page 30
2 Techniques for Quantum Random Number Generation......Page 31
2.1 Random Number Generators Based on Noise......Page 32
2.2 Random Number Generators Based on Quantum Optics......Page 36
2.3 Random Number Generators Based on Non-optic Quantum Effects......Page 44
2.4 Summary......Page 45
3.3 PicoQuant Random Number Generator......Page 46
3.7 Qutools GmbH......Page 47
4.2 Humboldt-Universitรคt Zu Berlin......Page 48
References......Page 50
1 Motivation......Page 54
2 Preliminaries......Page 57
3 Construction......Page 58
4 Security......Page 61
5 Efficiency......Page 62
References......Page 63
1 Motivation......Page 64
2 Principles of Statistical Testing......Page 65
3 Statistical Tests for Assessing the ``randomness'' of RNGs......Page 69
3.1 Tests on a Random Number Stream of m Bits......Page 72
3.2 Tests Based on Sub-sequences of Length k of a Random Bit Stream with Length m......Page 74
3.3 Tests Based on a Sequence of n Random Numbers in the Interval [0,1]......Page 75
4 Experiments: Description of RNGs Under Test......Page 76
5 Results......Page 77
6 Outlook: Uniformity and Discrepancy......Page 80
References......Page 82
1 Introduction......Page 84
2 Concept ofย aย Low-Latency QRNG......Page 86
3.1 Sub-nanosecond Pulsed Laser......Page 88
3.2 Single-Photon Detectors......Page 89
4 Random Number Generation Modeling andย Practical Realization......Page 91
5 Results withย SLiK-Based Detectors......Page 96
6 Results withย SUR500-Based Detector......Page 97
7 Discussion......Page 99
8 Further ResearchโNext Steps......Page 100
References......Page 101
1 Quantum Randomness......Page 103
2 Quantifying the Randomness......Page 106
2.1 Shannon Entropy......Page 107
3.1 Block Description of a QRNG......Page 108
3.2 Continuous Variable Quantum Information......Page 109
4 Side-Information......Page 110
4.2 Mutual Information Between Measured Data and Quantum Entropy......Page 111
4.3 Entropy of Measured Data Conditioned on Classical Noise......Page 113
4.5 Conditional Min-entropy......Page 115
4.6 Quantum Side-Information......Page 116
4.8 Source and Device Independent Randomness......Page 117
5.1 Homodyne Detection of a Vacuum State......Page 118
5.2 Characterization of Noise and Measurement......Page 120
6.1 Worst-Case Min-entropy......Page 122
6.2 Average Conditional Min-entropy......Page 125
6.3 Experimental Implementation......Page 126
7 Summary and Outlook......Page 127
References......Page 128
1 Motivation......Page 131
2.1 Service Oriented End-to-End Security......Page 132
2.2 Infrastructure Oriented End-to-End Security......Page 135
References......Page 138
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