How muscles recover from paresis and atr
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Jian Shen; Jianjun Ma; Cassandra Lee; Beth P. Smith; Thomas L. Smith; Kim H. Tan
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Article
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2006
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Elsevier Science
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English
β 408 KB
## Abstract Botulinum toxin A (BoNTβA) is a potent biological toxin widely used for the management of skeletal muscle spasticity or dynamic joint contracture. Intramuscular injection of BoNTβA causes muscle denervation, paresis, and atrophy. This clinical effect of botulinum toxin A lasts 3 to 6 mo