Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
About the Authors
Contents
Preface
Time Management Or, How to Be a Great Student and Still Have a Life
The Story of Psychology
Module 1: What Is Psychology?
Psychological Science Is Born
Psychological Science Develops
Contemporary Psychology
Thinking Critically With Psychological Science
Module 2: The Need for Psychological Science
Did We Know It All Along? Hindsight Bias
Overconfidence
Perceiving Order in Random Events
The Scientific Attitude: Curious, Skeptical, and Humble
Critical Thinking
Module 3: Research Strategies: How Psychologists Ask and Answer Questions
The Scientific Method
Description
Correlation
Experimentation
Psychology’s Research Ethics
Module 4: Statistical Reasoning inEveryday Life
Describing Data
Significant Differences
The Biology of Mind
Module 5: Neural and Hormonal Systems
Biology, Behavior, and Mind
Neural Communication
The Nervous System
The Endocrine System
Module 6: Tools of Discovery and Older Brain Structures
The Tools of Discovery: Having Our Head Examined
Older Brain Structures
Module 7: The Cerebral Cortex and Our Divided Brain
The Cerebral Cortex
Our Divided Brain
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Handedness
Consciousness and the Two-Track Mind
Module 8: Brain States and Consciousness
Defining Consciousness
The Biology of Consciousness
Selective Attention
Module 9: Sleep and Dreams
Biological Rhythms and Sleep
Why Do We Sleep?
Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Disorders
Dreams
Module 10: Drugs and Consciousness
Tolerance and Addiction
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Addiction
Types of Psychoactive Drugs
Influences on Drug Use
Nature, Nurture, and Human Diversity
Module 11: Behavior Genetics: Predicting Individual Differences
Genes: Our Codes for Life
Twin and Adoption Studies
Temperament and Heredity
Heritability
Gene–Environment Interaction
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Prenatal Testing to Predict Future Traits
Module 12: Evolutionary Psychology: Understanding Human Nature
Natural Selection and Adaptation
Evolutionary Success Helps Explain Similarities
An Evolutionary Explanation of Human Sexuality
Module 13: Culture, Gender, and Other Environmental Influences
How Does Experience Influence Development?
Cultural Influences
Gender Development
Reflections on Nature, Nurture, and Their Interaction
Developing Through the Life Span
Module 14: Developmental Issues, Prenatal Development, and the Newborn
Developmental Psychology’s Major Issues
Prenatal Development and the Newborn
Module 15: Infancy and Childhood
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Social Development
Module 16: Adolescence
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Social Development
Emerging Adulthood
Module 17: Adulthood
Physical Development
Cognitive Development
Social Development
Sensation and Perception
Module 18: Basic Concepts of Sensation and Perception
Transduction
Thresholds
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Subliminal Persuasion
Sensory Adaptation
Perceptual Set
Context Effects
Motivation and Emotion
Module 19: Vision: Sensory andPerceptual Processing
Light Energy and Eye Structures
Information Processing in the Eye and Brain
Perceptual Organization
Perceptual Interpretation
Module 20: The Nonvisual Senses
Hearing
The Other Senses
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Hypnosis and Pain Relief
Sensory Interaction
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: ESP—Perception Without Sensation?
Learning
Module 21: Basic Learning Concepts and Classical Conditioning
How Do We Learn?
Classical Conditioning
Module 22: Operant Conditioning
Skinner’s Experiments
Skinner’s Legacy
Contrasting Classical and Operant Conditioning
Module 23: Biology, Cognition, and Learning
Biological Constraints on Conditioning
Cognition’s Influence on Conditioning
Learning by Observation
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Does Viewing Media Violence Trigger Violent Behavior?
Memory
Module 24: Studying and Encoding Memories
Studying Memory
Encoding Memories
Module 25: Storing and Retrieving Memories
Memory Storage
Memory Retrieval
Module 26: Forgetting, Memory Construction, and Improving Memory
Forgetting
Memory Construction Errors
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Repressed or Constructed Memories of Abuse?
Improving Memory
Thinking and Language
Module 27: Thinking
Concepts
Problem Solving: Strategies and Obstacles
Forming Good and Bad Decisions and Judgments
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Fear Factor—Why We Fear the Wrong Things
Thinking Creatively
Do Other Species Share Our Cognitive Skills?
Module 28: Language and Thought
Language Structure
Language Development
The Brain and Language
Do Other Species Have Language?
Thinking and Language
Intelligence
Module 29: What Is Intelligence?
Spearman’s General Intelligence Factor and Thurstone’s Response
Theories of Multiple Intelligences
Emotional Intelligence
Module 30: Assessing Intelligence
Early and Modern Tests of Mental Abilities
Principles of Test Construction
Module 31: The Dynamics of Intelligence
Stability or Change?
Extremes of Intelligence
Module 32: Genetic and Environmental Influences on Intelligence
Twin and Adoption Studies
Environmental Influences
Group Differences in Intelligence Test Scores
The Question of Bias
What Drives Us: Hunger, Sex, Friendship, and Achievement
Module 33: Basic Motivational Concepts
Instincts and Evolutionary Psychology
Drives and Incentives
Optimum Arousal
A Hierarchy of Motives
Module 34: Hunger
The Physiology of Hunger
The Psychology of Hunger
Obesity and Weight Control
Module 35: Sexual Motivation
The Physiology of Sex
The Psychology of Sex
Sexual Orientation
Sex and Human Values
Module 36: Affiliation and Achievement
The Need to Belong
Achievement Motivation
Emotions, Stress, and Health
Module 37: Introduction to Emotion
Emotion: Arousal, Behavior, and Cognition
Embodied Emotion
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Lie Detection
Module 38: Expressing Emotion
Detecting Emotion in Others
Gender, Emotion, and Nonverbal Behavior
Culture and Emotional Expression
The Effects of Facial Expressions
Module 39: Experiencing Emotion
Anger
Happiness
Module 40: Stress and Illness
Stress: Some Basic Concepts
Stress and Vulnerability to Disease
Module 41: Health and Coping
Coping With Stress
Reducing Stress
Social Psychology
Module 42: Social Thinking
The Fundamental Attribution Error
Attitudes and Actions
Module 43: Social Influence
Conformity: Complying With Social Pressures
Obedience: Following Orders
Group Behavior
Module 44: Antisocial Relations
Prejudice
Aggression
Module 45: Prosocial Relations
Attraction
Altruism
Peacemaking
Personality
Module 46: Introduction to Personality and Psychodynamic Theories
What Is Personality?
Psychodynamic Theories
Module 47: Humanistic Theories and Trait Theories
Humanistic Theories
Trait Theories
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: The Stigma of Introversion
Module 48: Social-CognitiveTheories and the Self
Social-Cognitive Theories
Exploring the Self
Psychological Disorders
Module 49: Introduction to Psychological Disorders
Defining Psychological Disorders
Understanding Psychological Disorders
Classifying Disorders—and Labeling People
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: ADHD—Normal High Energy or Disordered Behavior?
THINKING CRITICALLY ABOUT: Are People With Psychological Disorders Dangerous?
Rates of Psychological Disorders
Module 50: Anxiety Disorders, OCD,and PTSD
Anxiety Disorders
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Understanding Anxiety Disorders, OCD, and PTSD
Module 51: Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorder
Major Depressive Disorder
Bipolar Disorder
Understanding Depressive Disorders and Bipolar Disorder
Module 52: Schizophrenia
Symptoms of Schizophrenia
Onset and Development of Schizophrenia
Understanding Schizophrenia
Module 53: Dissociative, Personality, and Eating Disorders
Dissociative Disorders
Personality Disorders
Eating Disorders
Therapy
Module 54: Introduction to Therapy and the Psychological Therapies
Treating Psychological Disorders
Psychoanalysis and Psychodynamic Therapies
Humanistic Therapies
Behavior Therapies
Cognitive Therapies
Group and Family Therapies
Module 55: Evaluating Psychotherapies
Is Psychotherapy Effective?
Which Psychotherapies Work Best?
Evaluating Alternative Therapies
How Do Psychotherapies Help People?
Culture and Values in Psychotherapy
Module 56: Biomedical Therapies and Preventing Psychological Disorders
Drug Therapies
Brain Stimulation
Psychosurgery
Therapeutic Lifestyle Change
Preventing Psychological Disorders and Building Resilience
Appendix A: Psychology at Work
Appendix B: Subfields of Psychology, by Jennifer Zwolinski
Appendix C: Complete Module Reviews
Appendix D: Answers to Test Yourself Questions
Glossary
References
Name Index
Subject Index
Back Cover
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index
Copyright
Title Page
Dedication
Contents
Chapter 1: ‘I’m thinking’ – Oh, but are you?
Chapter 2: Renegade perception
Chapter 3: The Pushbacker sting
Chapter 4: ‘Covid’: The calculated catastrophe
Chapter 5: There is no ‘virus’
Chapter 6: Sequence of deceit
Chapter 7: War on your mind
Chapter 8: ‘Reframing’ insanity
Chapter 9: We must have it? So what is it?
Chapter 10: Human 2.0
Chapter 11: Who controls the Cult?
Chapter 12: Escaping Wetiko
Postscript
Appendix: Cowan-Kaufman-Morell Statement on Virus Isolation
Bibliography
Index