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Protein kinase and phosphatase activity regulate the form of synaptic plasticity expressed

✍ Scribed by Chris M. Coussens; Tim J. Teyler

Publisher: John Wiley and Sons
Year: 1996
Tongue: English
Weight: 725 KB
Volume: 24
Category: Article
ISSN: 0887-4476
DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1098-2396(199610)24:2<97::aid-syn1>3.0.co;2-9

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✦ Synopsis

Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) are calcium-dependent forms of synaptic plasticity observed in area CA1 of the hippocampus. Low-frequency tetani (1-5 Hz) activates protein phosphatases to induce LTD, whereas high-frequency tetani (>25 Hz) activates protein kinases to induce LTP. A tetanus a t a n intermediate frequency (10 Hz), however, does not result in a change in synaptic efficacy [Dudek and Bear, (19921, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 89:4363-43671. We hypothesized that the 10-Hz tetanus results in no long-term change in synaptic efficacy due to a balance of the activity of protein phosphatases and protein kinases. We manipulated protein kinase/phosphatase activity at a 10-Hz tetanus to test this hypothesis. A 10-Hz tetanus under normal conditions results in a transient depression which returns to baseline in 25 min. However, inhibiting kinase activity with the protein kinase inhibitor H-7, or decreasing extracellular calcium concentration, results in the 10-Hz tetanus, inducing LTD. Conversely, inhibiting phosphatase activity with the protein phosphatase inhibitor tautomycin, or increasing extracellular calcium concentration, results in the 10-Hz tetanus, inducing LTP. These results suggest that the relative balance of protein kinase and phosphatase activity (andor the calcium levels activating them) determines the expression of specific forms of synaptic plasticity, and that these forms lie on a continuum.

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