Laparoscopic colon resection (LCR) has been performed in the United States sine 1990. This procedure has been accepted by many as a reasonable alternative for nonmalignant, colonic, surgical disease, but the laparoscopic approach remains controversial for curative treatment of carcinoma. In this paper, the results of a nonrandomized series of two large experiences of laparoscopic colon resections were performed and followed for 31/2 years in a prospective fashion against an equal number of patients who underwent open resection. The setting was several large metropolitan hospitals in San Antonio, Texas. Over 194 patients were involved in this study. Each patient once diagnosed with resectable colonic cancer was allowed to choose their own procedure, laparoscopic or open colon resection, either of which was performed by the authors. Factors considered include age, sex, body habitus, stage of cancer, margins of resection, numbers of lymph nodes retrieved, hospitalization time, and follow-up period. Observations at this time indicate the following: (1) LCR allows for resection comparable to the classical approach, (2) equal numbers of mesenteric lymph nodes can be retrieved, (3) adequacy of margins of resection can be accurately determined by colonoscopy during LCR, and (4) brief follow-up periods show comparable survival and disease-free intervals. It is the conclusion of the authors that with proper training LCR will come to be recognized as a safe, effective surgical option for treatment of selected patients with colon cancer.