Preface
Organization
Contents
AI4IS - Artificial Intelligence for Industry and Societies
Estimating the Temperature on the Reinforcing Bars of Composite Slabs Under Fire Conditions
1 Introduction
2 Transient Thermal Problem
2.1 Physical Multidomains
2.2 Boundary Conditions Corresponding to a Standard Fire
2.3 Analytical Method Provided by the Standard Eurocode
3 Improving the Analytical Method with Numerical Results
3.1 Computational Solution by Finite Elements Method
3.2 Improving the New Proposal with an Optimization Method
3.3 Improving the New Proposal by the Linear Least Squares Method
3.4 Comparison of the Results
4 Conclusion
References
Hierarchically Structured Scheduling and Execution of Tasks in a Multi-agent Environment
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Resource Management
2.2 Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
3 Background
3.1 Markov Decision Problems
3.2 Reinforcement Learning
3.3 Multi-agent Markov Decision Problems
3.4 Multi-agent Reinforcement Learning
3.5 Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning
4 Problem Setting
4.1 High-Level
4.2 Low-Level
4.3 Implementation Details
5 Evaluation
5.1 Environment Settings
5.2 Experimental Results
5.3 Additional Experiments
6 Conclusion
References
AIL - Artificial Intelligence and Law
Content-Based Lawsuits Document Image Retrieval
1 Introduction
2 Proposal
3 Application
3.1 Contextualization and Database
3.2 Preprocessing and Feature Extraction
3.3 Similarity Calculation and Result Presentation
4 Experiments
4.1 CNN's Choice
4.2 Hybrid Algorithm Evaluation
5 Conclusion
References
Lawsuits Document Images Processing Classification
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Background
4 Proposal
4.1 Preprocessing
4.2 Classification
5 Experiment
5.1 Preprocessing
5.2 Classification
6 Conclusion
References
A Rapid Semi-automated Literature Review on Legal Precedents Retrieval
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Rapid Reviews
2.2 Literature Review Automation
2.3 Keyword Identification
2.4 Electronic Databases and Eligibility Criteria
2.5 Data Extraction and Pre-processing
2.6 Screening Based on Keyword Frequency
2.7 Topic Modelling for Eligibility
2.8 Full-Text Screening for Inclusion
3 Results
3.1 Descriptive Analytics
3.2 Content Analysis
4 Discussion
4.1 RQ1 (How has the Task of Automating the Identification of Previous Relevant Cases been Addressed by the Researchers?) and RQ2 (What Types of Techniques are Covered in the Reviewed Studies?)
4.2 RQ3: What are the Most Promising Strategies and Research Gaps in Automating the Retrieval of Legal Precedents?
5 Conclusions, Limitations, and Future Research
References
The European Draft Regulation on Artificial Intelligence: Houston, We Have a Problem
1 Presentation of the European Draft Regulation
2 Risk-Based Approach
3 The Conformity Assessment
4 Difficulty in Complying with Some Requirements
5 Contextualization Within the EU Legal Framework
6 Lack of Protection of CITizen’s Rights
7 Discouragement to Technological Development
8 Houston, We Have a Problem
References
Traffic Stops in the Age of Autonomous Vehicles
1 Background
1.1 Autonomous Vehicle Development
1.2 Likely Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Traffic Stops
2 The Legal Complexities of AV Traffic Stops
2.1 Level 2 (Semi-autonomous) Vehicles
2.2 Level 3 (Semi-autonomous) Vehicles
2.3 Level 4 & 5 (Fully Autonomous) Vehicles
3 Potential Solutions
References
UlyssesSD-Br: Stance Detection in Brazilian Political Polls
1 Introduction
2 Related Works
3 UlyssesSD-Br Corpus
3.1 Data Collection
3.2 Annotation
3.3 Data Analysis
4 Experimental Setup
5 Results and Discussion
5.1 Experiments in UlyssesSD-Br Corpus
5.2 Experiments in Elicited and Twitter Corpora
5.3 Experiments in Elicited and Twitter Corpora Using the UlyssesSD-Br Model Knowledge
6 Conclusion
References
Unraveling the Algorithms for Humanized Digital Work Oriented Artificial Intelligence
1 Introduction
2 Living the Age of Artificial Intelligence
3 Algorithms in the Constitution of AI
4 Platforms and Algorithms: Working Against Workers
5 Conclusion
References
The Compatibility of AI in Criminal System with the ECHR and ECtHR Jurisprudence
1 The Use of AI Systems as an Aid in Determining Sentence Length
1.1 Supporting Decision in the Criminal Sentencing
2 The Use of AI in Light of ECHR
2.1 Right to a Fair Trial
2.2 No Punishment Without Law
2.3 Prohibition of Discrimination
3 Conclusions
References
Enriching Legal Knowledge Through Intelligent Information Retrieval Techniques: A Review
1 Introduction
2 Legal Knowledge Representation
3 Approaches for Information Retrieval in Legal Documents
3.1 Information Science
3.2 Artificial Intelligence
3.3 An Overview of the Related Background and Prior Research
4 Conclusion
References
AIM - Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
Region of Interest Identification in the Cervical Digital Histology Images
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Method
3.1 Cervical Slide Image Processing
3.2 Bounding Box (bb) Construction Procedure
3.3 Extracted bb Classification
3.4 Epithelium RoI Identification
4 Experiments
4.1 Dataset
4.2 Procedure
4.3 Assessment
4.4 Comparison with State-Of-The-Arts
5 Conclusion
References
Audio Feature Ranking for Sound-Based COVID-19 Patient Detection
1 Introduction
1.1 The Paper's Contributions
2 Audio Features Overview
2.1 Time Domain
2.2 Frequency Domain
2.3 Time-Frequency Domain
3 Experimental Method and Results
3.1 Research Questions
3.2 The Datasets
3.3 Feature Engineering
3.4 Results Description and Analysis
4 Related Work
5 Conclusion and Future Work
References
Using a Siamese Network to Accurately Detect Ischemic Stroke in Computed Tomography Scans
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Dataset and Methods
3.1 Image Preprocessing
3.2 Symmetry Detection
3.3 Proposed Architecture
3.4 Loss Function
4 Results
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Determining Internal Medicine Length of Stay by Means of Predictive Analytics
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Resources Planning in Hospital Settings
2.2 Related Works
3 Materials and Methods
3.1 Methodologies
3.2 Tools and Algorithms
3.3 Data Sets
4 Case Study
4.1 Business Understanding
4.2 Data Understanding
4.3 Data Preparation
4.4 Modeling
4.5 Evaluation
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
Improving the Prediction of Age of Onset of TTR-FAP Patients Using Graph-Embedding Features
1 Introduction
2 Feature Construction and Embedding-Based Network Representation Learning
3 Model Overview
3.1 Problem Definition
3.2 Defining and Using Embeddings
3.3 Experimental Setup
4 Results and Discussion
4.1 Overall Evaluation of the Different Embedding Variants
4.2 Studying the Effect of Predicting the Age of Onset of Asymptomatic Patients at 22 Years Old
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Cloud-Based Privacy-Preserving Medical Imaging System Using Machine Learning Tools
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 MedCloudCare
3.1 React Frontend
3.2 Django Backend API
3.3 Machine Learning Modelling
3.4 Docker and Kubernetes for ML Inference
4 Results
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
An Active Learning-Based Medical Diagnosis System
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Materials
4 Methods
4.1 Preprocessing
4.2 Active Learning Component
4.3 Metrics
4.4 Experimental Design
5 Results
6 Discussion
7 Conclusion
References
Comparative Evaluation of Classification Indexes and Outlier Detection of Microcytic Anaemias in a Portuguese Sample
1 Background
2 Methods
2.1 Data Description
2.2 Classification Indexes Evaluation
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Descriptive Data Analysis
3.2 Indexes Evaluation
3.3 Binary and Multi-class Microcytic Anaemia Classifiers
3.4 Outliers Detection
4 Conclusions
References
A General Preprocessing Pipeline for Deep Learning on Radiology Images: A COVID-19 Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Approach
2.1 CT Scans Preprocessing for 3D Deep Learning Architecture
3 CT Scan Normalization
3.1 Deep Learning Architecture for CT Scan Classification
4 Experiment and Results
4.1 Dataset and Preprocessing
4.2 Implementation Details and Model Training
4.3 Results
5 Conclusion
References
AIPES - Artificial Intelligence in Power and Energy Systems
Automatic Configuration of Genetic Algorithm for the Optimization of Electricity Market Participation Using Sequential Model Algorithm Configuration
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Automatic Configuration of Genetic Algorithm for Market Participation Portfolio Optimization
3.1 Portfolio Optimization
3.2 Genetic Algorithm
3.3 Sequential Model Algorithm Configuration (SMAC)
4 Experimental Findings
5 Conclusions
References
Modeling Stand-Alone Photovoltaic Systems with Matlab/Simulink
1 Introduction
2 Photovoltaic Systems
2.1 Photovoltaic Modules
2.2 Battery Model
2.3 Charge Controller and Inverter
3 System Modelling
3.1 Photovoltaic Module
3.2 Battery
3.3 Charge Controller
3.4 Inverter
3.5 Loads
4 Simulation Results and Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
A Learning Approach to Improve the Selection of Forecasting Algorithms in an Office Building in Different Contexts
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Case Study and Results
3.1 Case Study
3.2 Results
4 Conclusions
References
AITS - Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Systems
Comparison of Different Deployment Approaches of FPGA-Based Hardware Accelerator for 3D Object Detection Models
1 Introduction
2 Design and Implementation
2.1 Proprietary Accelerator Hardware
2.2 Customized Hardware Accelerator for Traditional Convolutions
2.3 Customized Hardware Accelerator for Sparse Convolutions
2.4 Performance Comparison
3 Conclusions
References
Generating the Users Geographic Map Using Mobile Phone Data
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Dataset Description
4 Methodology
4.1 Data Exploration
4.2 Profile Identification
4.3 Home, Second Home, and Work Locations
4.4 Validation and Evaluation
5 Experiment and Results
5.1 Home Locations
5.2 Workplace Location
5.3 Second Home Location
6 Conclusions
References
Driver Equitability and Customer Optimality in Intelligent Vehicle Applications
1 Introduction
2 Preferences and Constraints
3 A Relation to Behavioural Game Theory
4 Some Related Work
5 Our Contributions
6 Formal Preliminaries
6.1 Preferences and Constraints
6.2 Matchings and Algorithms
6.3 Routes and Plans
6.4 Fleet Fairness and Efficiency
7 Driver Profit Equitability
8 Customer Cost Optimality
9 Driver Equitability and Customer Optimality
10 Routing Under Few Feasibilities
11 Future Work
References
Assessing Communication Strategies in C-ITS Using n-Person Prisoner's Dilemma
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodological Approach
3.1 n-Person Prisoner's Dilemma
3.2 Assumptions
3.3 Recommendation Algorithm
3.4 Agent Behaviour
4 Results and Analysis
4.1 Simulation Setup
4.2 Scenario Analysis
5 Conclusions
References
On Demand Waste Collection for Smart Cities: A Case Study
1 Introduction
2 Problem Formulation
2.1 Problem Description
2.2 Problem Representation
2.3 Comparisons of OR-Tools, GA, and DRL for Four Standard MVRP Problems
3 Case Study: On Demand Waste Collection in Ålesund Municipality
3.1 A Set of Waste Collection Problems
3.2 Results for Problems with Simple Constraints
3.3 Results for Problems with Multiple Constraints
4 Conclusion, Limitations and Future Work
References
AmIA - Ambient Intelligence and Affective Environments
LoRaWAN Module for the Measurement of Environmental Parameters and Control of Irrigation Systems for Agricultural and Livestock Facilities
1 Introduction
2 State of Art
3 Methodology
4 Case Study
4.1 LoRaWAN Module
4.2 Environmental Parameter Measuring Device
4.3 Irrigation System Controller Device
5 Results
6 Conclusions
References
Diabetic-Friendly Multi-agent Recommendation System for Restaurants Based on Social Media Sentiment Analysis and Multi-criteria Decision Making
1 Introduction
2 Proposed Solution
2.1 User Interface
2.2 Multi-agent Negotiation
2.3 Negotiation Process
3 Results and Discussion
3.1 Scenario I
3.2 Scenario II
4 Conclusions and Future Work
References
A Review on Supervised Learning Methodologies for Detecting Eating Habits of Diabetic Patients
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methods
3.1 Support Vector Machines
3.2 Convolutional Neural Networks
3.3 MobileNetV2
4 Dataset
4.1 Data Preprocessing
5 Results
5.1 Support Vector Machine
5.2 Convolutional Neural Networks
5.3 MobileNetV2
6 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Visualization of Physiological Response in the Context of Emotion Recognition
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Materials and Methods
4 Research Methodology
5 Testing Results
6 Conclusion and Future Work
References
GAI - General Artificial Intelligence
Effective Communication in Transition Care During Shift Change
1 Introduction
2 Methodology
3 Case Study
4 Results Analysis
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
PAUL: An Algorithmic Composer for Classical Piano Music Supporting Multiple Complexity Levels
1 Introduction
2 Algorithmic Composition Approach
2.1 A Few Preliminaries
2.2 Concept
2.3 Data Preprocessing
3 Neural Network Training and Generation
4 Conclusion and Discussion
References
Assessing Policy, Loss and Planning Combinations in Reinforcement Learning Using a New Modular Architecture
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 Muzero
3 Architecture
3.1 Environment
3.2 Base Agent
3.3 Model
3.4 Data
3.5 Search
3.6 Policy
3.7 Loss
4 Experimental Evaluation
4.1 Cartpole
4.2 Minigrid
4.3 Tictactoe
4.4 Discussion
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
FIT: Using Feature Importance to Teach Classification Tasks to Unknown Learners
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 The FIT Approach
3.1 Problem Definition
3.2 The Interaction Process
4 Experiments
4.1 Simulations
4.2 User Study
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
GANs for Integration of Deterministic Model and Observations in Marine Ecosystem
1 Introduction
2 Material and Method
2.1 Deep Learning Architecture
2.2 EmuMed
2.3 InpMed
3 Experimental Setting
4 Experimental Results
5 Conclusion
References
The Joint Role of Batch Size and Query Strategy in Active Learning-Based Prediction - A Case Study in the Heart Attack Domain
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Materials
4 Methods
5 Experiments
6 Results
7 Discussion
8 Conclusions
References
Backpropagation Through States: Training Neural Networks with Sequentially Semiseparable Weight Matrices
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Neural Networks with Sequentially Semiseparable Weight Matrices
4 Backpropagation Through States
5 Experiments and Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
A Generic Approach to Extend Interpretability of Deep Networks
1 Introduction
2 Interpretable ML/Explainable AI
2.1 Background Knowledge
2.2 LIME: Local Interpretable Model-Agnostic Explanations
3 Proposed Approach
4 Experiments
4.1 Case Study: Forest Fires
4.2 Setup
5 Results and Analysis
5.1 Comparison Between Original and Cropped Input Images
5.2 Analysis of Visual Explanations
6 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Cherry-Picking Meta-heuristic Algorithms and Parameters for Real Optimization Problems
1 Introduction
2 Meta-heuristics Under Study
2.1 Particle Swarm Optimization
2.2 Bare Bones Particle Swarm Optimization
2.3 Artificial Bee Colony
2.4 Cuckoo Search
2.5 Differential Evolution
3 Cherry-Picking Algorithms and their Parameters
3.1 Grammatical Evolution
3.2 The Search Procedure
4 Experimental Evaluation
4.1 Parameter Setting Performance Evaluation
4.2 Algorithm Choosing Consistency
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
On Developing Ethical AI
1 Introduction
2 Responsible AI
3 Ethics Versus AI
4 Understanding Ethics
5 Ethical Guidelines for AI
6 Recent Moves of Enterprises
7 New Bets
8 Responsible Autonomous Systems
9 Conclusions
References
IROBOT - Intelligent Robotics
Exploiting Structures in Weight Matrices for Efficient Real-Time Drone Control with Neural Networks
1 Introduction
2 Literature Review
3 Methodology
3.1 Low Rank Matrices
3.2 Matrices of Low Displacement Rank
3.3 Sequentially Semiseparable Matrices
3.4 Products of Sparse Matrices
4 Experimental Setup
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Deep Learning Methods Integration for Improving Natural Interaction Between Humans and an Assistant Mobile Robot in the Context of Autonomous Navigation
1 Introduction
2 System Architecture
2.1 Operating Scheme
2.2 Deep Learning-Based HRI Software Modules
2.3 Autonomous Navigation Software Modules
2.4 Integration of Modules
3 Results
4 Conclusions and Future Work
References
KDBI - Knowledge D.sicovery and Business Intelligence
A Comparison of Automated Time Series Forecasting Tools for Smart Cities
1 Introduction
2 Materials and Methods
2.1 Time Series Data
2.2 AutoTSF Methods
2.3 Evaluation
3 Results
4 Conclusions
References
Novel Cluster Modeling for the Spatiotemporal Analysis of Coastal Upwelling
1 Introduction
2 Core-Shell Clustering: Model and Method
3 Image Data and Its Preprocessing
4 Upwelling Range and Its Modelling
4.1 Unsupervised Time Series Segmentation by Anomalous Clustering
4.2 The Structure of Core-Shell Clustering Algorithm
4.3 Assessing the Core-Shell Clustering Results
5 Core-Shell Clusters Time Series Analysis
6 Conclusion
References
The Automation of Feature Generation with Domain Knowledge
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 DANKFE-II Algorithm
3.1 Illustration
4 Validation
5 Conclusion
References
Temporal Nodes Causal Discovery for in Intensive Care Unit Survival Analysis
1 Introduction
2 Background
2.1 PC
2.2 Temporal Node Bayesian Networks
3 Problem
3.1 Data
3.2 Running Example
4 Methodology
5 Results and Discussion
6 Conclusions
References
MapIntel: Enhancing Competitive Intelligence Acquisition Through Embeddings and Visual Analytics
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 MapIntel
3.1 Indexing
3.2 Query
3.3 Visualization
4 Evaluation
4.1 Experimental Setup
4.2 Results
5 Conclusion
References
A Learning-to-Rank Approach for Spare Parts Consumption in the Repair Process
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Spare Parts Supply Chain
2.2 Information Retrieval
3 Data
4 Methodology
4.1 Setup
4.2 Models
4.3 Metrics
4.4 Alerts
5 Results
6 Conclusion
References
Uplift Modeling Using the Transformed Outcome Approach
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 What is Uplift?
2.2 Uplift Problem
2.3 Measuring Uplift
2.4 Uplift Techniques and the Transformed Outcome Approach
2.5 Evaluation Metrics
3 Finding Uplift
3.1 Outcome (Y) and Intervention (T) Definition
3.2 Dataset Preparation
3.3 Applied Model
3.4 Evaluate Model
4 Discussion: Persuadable Profiles
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
A Service-Oriented Framework for ETL Implementation
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 ETL as a Service
4 Case Study
5 Conclusions
References
How are you Riding? Transportation Mode Identification from Raw GPS Data
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Methodology
3.1 Preprocessing and Data Transformation
3.2 Feature Generation
3.3 Classification Models
3.4 Dataset
4 Experiments and Results
4.1 Evaluation Metrics
4.2 Using Boruta Method for Feature Selection
4.3 Algorithms Results
5 Conclusions and Future Work
References
KRR - Knowledge Representation and Reasoning
Almost Certain Termination for ALC Weakening
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
3 Repairing Ontologies
4 Iterated Refinements and Termination
5 Length of Refinement Chains and Tractability in Practice
6 Outlook
References
A MaxSAT Solver Based on Differential Evolution (Preliminary Report)
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 DeMaxSAT Solver
4 Benchmarks, Scoring and Parameter Tuning
5 Results
6 Conclusions
References
A Robust State Transition Function for Multi-agent Epistemic Systems
1 Introduction
2 Preliminaries
2.1 mA Formalism
3 State Transition Function
3.1 Worlds and Valuations in (M',s')
3.2 Accessibility Relations in (M',s')
4 Properties of D
5 Examples
6 Related Work
7 Discussion and Conclusion
References
Multi-adjoint Lattice Logic. Properties and Query Answering
1 Introduction
2 Bounded Order-Right Multi-adjoint Algebras
3 Syntax and Semantics of Multi-adjoint Lattice Logic
4 Properties of Multi-adjoint Lattice Logic
5 Multi-adjoint Lattice Logic for Query Answering
6 Conclusions and Future Work
References
Skill Learning for Long-Horizon Sequential Tasks
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Approach
3.1 Problem Formulation
3.2 Architecture
3.3 Training Procedure
4 Results
5 Conclusions
References
MASTA - Multi-Agent Systems: Theory and Applications
Envy Freeness Up to One Item: Shall We Duplicate or Remove Resources?
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Formal Preliminaries
3.1 Axiomatic Properties
3.2 The Leximin Solution
4 EFX: Identical General Valuations
4.1 Problems with Mixed Items: Impossibility
4.2 Problems with Mixed Items: Incompatibility
4.3 Problems Without Mixed Items: Incompatibility
5 DEFX and PO: Identical General Valuations
6 DEFX: General Valuations
6.1 The Case of 2 Agents
7 DEF1: General Valuations
8 Conclusions
References
Learning to Cooperate with Completely Unknown Teammates
1 Introduction
2 Background
3 OTLPP - Online Transfer Learning for Plastic Policy
3.1 PLASTIC-Policy Methods
3.2 Combining Transfer Learning and PLASTIC-Policy
4 Experimental Setup
5 Results
6 Concluding Remarks
References
Bringing Underused Learning Objects to the Light: A Multi-agent Based Approach
1 Introduction
2 Re-Mar: Repository of Marine Learning Objects
3 A Review on Multi-agents Systems and Learning Objects
4 Active-Learning Object Repository (A-LOR)
4.1 A-LOR's Agents Overview
4.2 Analytics from Statistics of Use
4.3 User Notification
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
TeMA - Text Mining and Applications
Expanding UlyssesNER-Br Named Entity Recognition Corpus with Informal User-Generated Text
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Method
3.1 UlyssesNER-Br Named Entity Recognition Corpus
3.2 C-corpus
4 Experimental Results
4.1 Experimental Settings
4.2 Results
5 Discussion
6 Conclusion
References
Neural Question Generation for the Portuguese Language: A Preliminary Study
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
2.1 Traditional vs Neural Question Generation
2.2 Question Generation for the Portuguese Language
3 T5 for Question Generation
4 Experimental Setup
4.1 SQuAD v1.1 Dataset
4.2 Implementation Details
4.3 Automatic Evaluation
5 Results and Discussion
6 Error Analysis
6.1 Translation Problem of the SQuAD v1.1 Dataset
6.2 Manual Sample Analysis
7 Conclusions
References
Federated Search Using Query Log Evidence
1 Introduction
2 Related Work
3 Resource Description
4 Search Term Payloads
5 Execution Flow
5.1 Querying Independent Collections
5.2 Incorporating Payload Scores
5.3 Results Merging
6 Evaluation
6.1 Datasets
6.2 Evaluation Metrics
6.3 Results and Discussion
7 Conclusions
References
Author Index