High precision A/F control ECU for ultra
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Makoto Kawai; Hideki Hashimoto; Shusuke Akazaki; Youichi Nishimura; Shinichi Dai
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Article
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1999
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Elsevier Science
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English
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High precision A/F electronic control, which is an application of modern control technology, has played a special role as a ULEV emissions reduction technology. Observer theory has been used to compensate for variations in the air/fuel ratio between cylinders, and self tuning regulators have been us