Process Piping: ASME Code for Pressure Piping, B31 : an International Piping Code

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✦ Table of Contents

CONTENTS
FOREWORD
ASME B31 COMMITTEE Code for Pressure Piping
INTRODUCTION
ASME B31.3-2016 SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Chapter I Scope and Definitions
300 GENERAL STATEMENTS
300.1 Scope
300.1.1 Content and Coverage
300.1.2 Packaged Equipment Piping.
300.1.3 Exclusions.
300.1.4 Rounding.
300.2 Definitions
300.3 Nomenclature
300.4 Status of Appendices
Chapter II Design
PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA
301 DESIGN CONDITIONS
301.1 Qualifications of the Designer
301.2 Design Pressure
301.2.1 General
301.2.2 Required Pressure Containment or Relief
301.3 Design Temperature
301.3.1 Design Minimum Temperature.
301.3.2 Uninsulated Components
301.3.3 Externally Insulated Piping.
301.3.4 Internally Insulated Piping.
301.4 Ambient Effects
301.4.1 Cooling -- Effects on Pressure.
301.4.2 Fluid Expansion Effects.
301.4.3 Atmospheric Icing.
301.4.4 Low Ambient Temperature.
301.5 Dynamic Effects
301.5.1 Impact.
301.5.2 Wind.
301.5.3 Earthquake.
301.5.4 Vibration.
301.5.5 Discharge Reactions.
301.6 Weight Effects
301.6.1 Live Loads.
301.6.2 Dead Loads.
301.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Effects
301.7.1 Thermal Loads Due to Restraints.
301.7.2 Loads Due to Temperature Gradients.
301.7.3 Loads Due to Differences in Expansion Characteristics.
301.8 Effects of Support, Anchor, and Terminal Movements
301.9 Reduced Ductility Effects
301.10 Cyclic Effects
301.11 Air Condensation Effects
302 DESIGN CRITERIA
302.1 General
302.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria
302.2.1 Listed Components Having Established Ratings.
302.2.2 Listed Components Not Having Specific Ratings
302.2.3 Unlisted Components.
302.2.4 Allowances for Pressure and Temperature Variations.
302.2.5 Ratings at Junction of Different Services.
302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Stress Limits
302.3.1 General.
302.3.2 Bases for Design Stresses.2
302.3.3 Casting Quality Factor, Ec
302.3.4 Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej
302.3.5 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Sustained Loads and Displacement Strains
302.3.6 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occasional Loads
302.4 Allowances
302.5 Mechanical Strength
PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS
303 GENERAL
304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF COMPONENTS
304.1 Straight Pipe
304.1.1 General
304.1.2 Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure
304.1.3 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure.
304.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe
304.2.1 Pipe Bends.
304.2.2 Elbows.
304.2.3 Miter Bends.
304.2.4 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe Under External Pressure.
304.3 Branch Connections
304.3.1 General
304.3.2 Strength of Branch Connections.
304.3.3 Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connections.
304.3.4 Reinforcement of Extruded Outlet Headers
304.3.5 Additional Design Considerations.
304.3.6 Branch Connections Under External Pressure.
304.4 Closures
304.4.1 General
304.4.2 Openings in Closures
304.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks
304.5.1 Flanges -- General
304.5.2 Blind Flanges
304.5.3 Blanks
304.6 Reducers
304.6.1 Concentric Reducers
304.6.2 Eccentric Reducers.
304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components
304.7.1 Listed Components.
304.7.2 Unlisted Components.
304.7.3 Metallic Components With Nonmetallic Pressure Parts.
304.7.4 Expansion Joints
PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS
305 PIPE
305.1 General
305.2 Specific Requirements
305.2.1 Pipe for Category D Fluid Service.
305.2.2 Pipe Requiring Safeguarding.
305.2.3 Pipe for Severe Cyclic Conditions
305.2.4 Elevated Temperature Fluid Service.
306 FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS
306.1 Pipe Fittings
306.1.1 Listed Fittings.
306.1.2 Unlisted Fittings.
306.1.3 Specific Fittings
306.1.4 Fittings for Severe Cyclic Conditions
306.2 Pipe Bends
306.2.1 General
306.2.2 Corrugated and Other Bends.
306.2.3 Bends for Severe Cyclic Conditions.
306.3 Miter Bends
306.3.1 General.
306.3.2 Miter Bends for Category D Fluid Service.
306.3.3 Miter Bends for Severe Cyclic Conditions.
306.4 Laps
306.4.1 Fabricated Laps.
306.4.2 Flared Laps.
306.4.3 Forged Laps.
306.4.4 Laps for Severe Cyclic Conditions
306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections
306.5.1 General.
306.5.2 Fabricated Branch Connections for Severe Cyclic Conditions.
306.6 Thermowells
307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS
307.1 General
307.1.1 Listed Valves.
307.1.2 Unlisted Valves.
307.2 Specific Requirements
307.2.1 Bonnet Bolting.
307.2.2 Stem Retention.
308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS
308.1 General
308.1.1 Listed Components.
308.1.2 Unlisted Components.
308.2 Specific Requirements for Flanges
308.2.1 Slip-On Flanges
308.2.2 Expanded-Joint Flanges.
308.2.3 Socket Welding and Threaded Flanges.
308.2.4 Flanges for Severe Cyclic Conditions.
308.2.5 Flanges for Flared Metallic Laps.
308.3 Flange Facings
308.4 Gaskets
309 BOLTING
309.1 General
309.1.1 Listed Bolting.
309.1.2 Unlisted Bolting.
309.1.3 Bolting for Components.
309.1.4 Selection Criteria.
309.2 Specific Bolting
309.2.1 Low Yield Strength Bolting.
309.2.2 Carbon Steel Bolting.
309.2.3 Bolting for Metallic Flange Combinations.
309.2.4 Bolting for Severe Cyclic Conditions.
309.3 Tapped Holes
PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS
310 GENERAL
311 WELDED JOINTS
311.1 General
311.2 Specific Requirements
311.2.1 Welds for Category D Fluid Service.
311.2.2 Welds for Severe Cyclic Conditions.
311.2.3 Welds for Elevated Temperature Fluid Service.
311.2.4 Backing Rings and Consumable Inserts
311.2.5 Socket Welds
311.2.6 Fillet Welds
311.2.7 Seal Welds.
312 FLANGED JOINTS
312.1 Joints Using Flanges of Different Ratings
312.2 Metal to Nonmetal Flanged Joints
312.3 Flanged Joint Assembly
313 EXPANDED JOINTS
314 THREADED JOINTS
314.1 General
314.2 Specific Requirements
314.2.1 Taper-Threaded Joints.
314.2.2 Straight-Threaded Joints.
315 TUBING JOINTS
315.1 General
315.2 Joints Conforming to Listed Standards
315.3 Joints Not Conforming to Listed Standards
316 CAULKED JOINTS
317 SOLDERED AND BRAZED JOINTS
317.1 Soldered Joints
317.2 Brazed and Braze Welded Joints
318 SPECIAL JOINTS
318.1 General
318.1.1 Listed Joints.
318.1.2 Unlisted Joints.
318.2 Specific Requirements
318.2.1 Joint Integrity.
318.2.2 Joint Interlocks.
318.2.3 Bell and Gland Type Joints.
PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT
319 PIPING FLEXIBILITY
319.1 Requirements
319.1.1 Basic Requirements.
319.1.2 Specific Requirements.
319.2 Concepts
319.2.1 Displacement Strains
319.2.2 Displacement Stresses
319.2.3 Displacement Stress Range
319.2.4 Cold Spring.
319.3 Properties for Flexibility Analysis
319.3.1 Thermal Expansion Data
319.3.2 Modulus of Elasticity.
319.3.3 Poisson's Ratio.
319.3.4 Allowable Stresses
319.3.5 Dimensions.
319.3.6 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors.
319.4 Flexibility Analysis
319.4.1 Formal Analysis Not Required.
319.4.2 Formal Analysis Requirements
319.4.3 Basic Assumptions and Requirements.
319.4.4 Flexibility Stresses
319.5 Reactions
319.5.1 Maximum Reactions for Simple Systems.
319.5.2 Maximum Reactions for Complex Systems.
319.6 Calculation of Movements
319.7 Means of Increasing Flexibility
320 ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINED LOADS
320.1 Basic Assumptions and Requirements
320.2 Stress Due to Sustained Loads
321 PIPING SUPPORT
321.1 General
321.1.1 Objectives.
321.1.2 Analysis.
321.1.3 Stresses for Pipe Supporting Elements.
321.1.4 Materials
321.1.5 Threads.
321.2 Fixtures
321.2.1 Anchors and Guides
321.2.2 Inextensible Supports Other Than Anchors and Guides
321.2.3 Resilient Supports
321.2.4 Counterweight Supports.
321.2.5 Hydraulic Supports.
321.3 Structural Attachments
321.3.1 Nonintegral Attachments.
321.3.2 Integral Attachments.
321.4 Structural Connections
PART 6 SYSTEMS
322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
322.3 Instrument Piping
322.3.1 Definition.
322.3.2 Requirements.
322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems
322.6.1 Stop Valves in Pressure Relief Piping.
322.6.2 Pressure Relief Discharge Piping.
322.6.3 Pressure-Relieving Devices
Chapter III Materials
323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
323.1 Materials and Specifications
323.1.1 Listed Materials.
323.1.2 Unlisted Materials.
323.1.3 Unknown Materials.
323.1.4 Reclaimed Materials.
323.2 Temperature Limitations
323.2.1 Upper Temperature Limits, Listed Materials.
323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits, Listed Materials.
323.2.3 Temperature Limits, Unlisted Materials.
323.2.4 Verification of Serviceability
323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria
323.3.1 General.
323.3.2 Procedure.
323.3.3 Test Specimens.
323.3.4 Test Temperatures.
323.3.5 Acceptance Criteria
323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Materials
323.4.1 General.
323.4.2 Specific Requirements
323.4.3 Cladding and Lining Materials.
323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service
325 MATERIALS -- MISCELLANEOUS
325.1 Joining and Auxiliary Materials
Chapter IV Standards for Piping Components
326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS
326.1 Dimensional Requirements
326.1.1 Listed Piping Components.
326.1.2 Unlisted Piping Components.
326.1.3 Threads.
326.2 Ratings of Components
326.2.1 Listed Components.
326.2.2 Unlisted Components.
326.3 Reference Documents
Chapter V Fabrication, Assembly, and Erection
327 GENERAL
328 WELDING AND BRAZING
328.1 Responsibility
328.2 Welding and Brazing Qualification
328.2.1 Standard Welding Procedure Specifications.
328.2.2 Procedure Qualification by Others.
328.2.3 Performance Qualification by Others.
328.2.4 Qualification Records.
328.3 Welding Materials
328.3.1 Electrodes and Filler Metal.
328.3.2 Weld Backing Material.
328.3.3 Consumable Inserts.
328.4 Preparation for Welding
328.4.1 Cleaning.
328.4.2 End Preparation
328.4.3 Alignment
328.5 Welding Requirements
328.5.1 General
328.5.2 Fillet and Socket Welds.
328.5.3 Seal Welds.
328.5.4 Welded Branch Connections
328.5.5 Fabricated Laps.
328.5.6 Welding for Severe Cyclic Conditions.
328.6 Weld Repair
328.7 Attachment Welds
330 PREHEATING
330.1 General
330.1.1 Requirements.
330.1.2 Unlisted Materials.
330.1.3 Preheat Temperature Verification
330.1.4 Preheat Zone.
330.2 Specific Requirements
330.2.1 Different P-No. Materials.
330.2.2 Interruption of Welding.
331 HEAT TREATMENT
331.1 General
331.1.1 Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements
331.1.2 Other Heat Treatments
331.1.3 Definition of Thicknesses Governing PWHT
331.1.4 Heating and Cooling.
331.1.6 Temperature Verification.
331.2 Specific Requirements
331.2.1 Alternative Heat Treatment.
331.2.2 Exceptions to Basic Requirements.
331.2.3 Dissimilar Materials
331.2.4 Delayed Heat Treatment.
331.2.5 Partial Heat Treatment.
331.2.6 Local Heat Treatment.
332 BENDING AND FORMING
332.1 General
332.2 Bending
332.2.1 Bend Flattening.
332.2.2 Bending Temperature
332.2.3 Corrugated and Other Bends.
332.3 Forming
332.4 Required Heat Treatment
332.4.1 Hot Bending and Forming.
332.4.2 Cold Bending and Forming.
333 BRAZING AND SOLDERING
333.1 Qualification
333.1.1 Brazing Qualification.
333.1.2 Soldering Qualification.
333.2 Brazing and Soldering Materials
333.2.1 Brazing Filler Metal and Flux.
333.2.2 Soldering Filler Metal and Flux.
333.3 Preparation and Cleaning
333.3.1 Surface Preparation.
333.3.2 Joint Clearance.
333.3.3 Flux Removal.
335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION
335.1 Alignment
335.2 Flanged Joints
335.2.1 Preparation for Assembly.
335.2.2 Bolting Torque
335.2.3 Bolt Length.
335.2.4 Gaskets.
335.2.5 Flanged Joint Assembly.
335.3 Threaded Joints
335.3.1 Thread Compound or Lubricant.
335.3.2 Joints for Seal Welding.
335.3.3 Straight Threaded Joints.
335.4 Tubing Joints
335.4.1 Flared Tubing Joints.
335.4.2 Flareless and Compression Tubing Joints.
335.5 Caulked Joints
335.6 Expanded Joints and Special Joints
335.6.1 General.
335.6.2 Packed Joints.
335.9 Cleaning of Piping
335.10 Identification of Piping
Chapter VI Inspection, Examination, and Testing
340 INSPECTION
340.1 General
340.2 Responsibility for Inspection
340.3 Rights of the Owner's Inspector
340.4 Qualifications of the Owner's Inspector
341 EXAMINATION
341.1 General
341.2 Responsibility for Examination
341.3 Examination Requirements
341.3.1 General.
341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria.
341.3.3 Defective Components and Workmanship.
341.3.4 Progressive Sampling for Examination.
341.4 Extent of Required Examination
341.4.1 Examination -- Normal Fluid Service.
341.4.2 Examination -- Category D Fluid Service.
341.4.3 Examination -- Severe Cyclic Conditions.
341.4.4 Examination -- Elevated Temperature Fluid Service.
341.5 Supplementary Examination
341.5.1 Spot Radiography
341.5.2 Hardness Tests.
341.5.3 Examinations to Resolve Uncertainty.
342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL
342.1 Personnel Qualification and Certification
342.2 Specific Requirement
343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION
344.1 General
344.1.1 Methods.
344.1.2 Special Methods.
344.1.3 Definitions.
344.2 Visual Examination
344.2.1 Definition.
344.2.2 Method.
344.3 Magnetic Particle Examination
344.3.1 Method.
344.3.2 Acceptance Criteria.
344.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination
344.4.1 Method.
344.4.2 Acceptance Criteria.
344.5 Radiographic Examination
344.5.1 Method.
344.5.2 Extent of Radiography
344.6 Ultrasonic Examination
344.6.1 Method.
344.6.2 Acceptance Criteria.
344.7 In-Process Examination
344.7.1 Definition.
344.7.2 Method.
345 TESTING
345.1 Required Leak Test
345.2 General Requirements for Leak Tests
345.2.1 Limitations on Pressure
345.2.2 Other Test Requirements
345.2.3 Special Provisions for Testing
345.2.4 Externally Pressured Piping
345.2.5 Jacketed Piping
345.2.6 Repairs or Additions After Leak Testing.
345.2.7 Test Records.
345.3 Preparation for Leak Test
345.3.1 Joints Exposed
345.3.2 Temporary Supports.
345.3.3 Piping With Expansion Joints
345.3.4 Limits of Tested Piping.
345.4 Hydrostatic Leak Test
345.4.1 Test Fluid.
345.4.2 Test Pressure.
345.4.3 Hydrostatic Test of Piping With Vessels as a System
345.5 Pneumatic Leak Test
345.5.1 Precautions.
345.5.2 Pressure Relief Device.
345.5.3 Test Fluid.
345.5.4 Test Pressure.
345.5.5 Procedure.
345.6 Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test
345.7 Initial Service Leak Test
345.7.1 Test Fluid.
345.7.2 Procedure.
345.7.3 Examination for Leaks.
345.8 Sensitive Leak Test
345.9 Alternative Leak Test
345.9.1 Examination of Welds.
345.9.2 Flexibility Analysis.
345.9.3 Test Method.
346 RECORDS
346.2 Responsibility
346.3 Retention of Records
Chapter VII Nonmetallic Piping and Piping Lined With Nonmetals
A300 GENERAL STATEMENTS
PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA
A301 DESIGN CONDITIONS
A301.2 Design Pressure
A301.3 Design Temperature
A301.3.1 Design Minimum Temperature.
A301.3.2 Uninsulated Components.
A302 DESIGN CRITERIA
A302.1 General
A302.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria
A302.2.1 Listed Components Having Established Ratings.
A302.2.2 Listed Components Not Having Specific Ratings.
A302.2.3 Unlisted Components.
A302.2.4 Allowances for Pressure and Temperature Variations
A302.2.5 Rating at Junction of Different Services.
A302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits
A302.3.1 General
A302.3.2 Bases for Allowable Stresses and Pressures
A302.3.3 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Sustained Loads
A302.3.4 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occasional Loads
A302.4 Allowances
PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS
A303 GENERAL
A304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS
A304.1 Straight Pipe
A304.1.1 General
A304.1.2 Straight Nonmetallic Pipe Under Internal Pressure.
A304.1.3 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure
A304.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe
A304.2.1 Pipe Bends.
A304.2.2 Elbows.
A304.2.3 Miter Bends.
A304.3 Branch Connections
A304.3.1 General.
A304.3.2 Branch Connections Using Fittings.
A304.3.3 Additional Design Considerations.
A304.4 Closures
A304.5 Pressure Design of Nonmetallic Flanges
A304.5.1 General
A304.5.2 Blind Flanges.
A304.6 Reducers
A304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components
A304.7.1 Listed Components.
A304.7.2 Unlisted Components.
A304.7.3 Nonmetallic Components With Metallic Pressure Parts.
PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS
A305 PIPE
A306 FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS
A306.1 Pipe Fittings
A306.1.1 Listed Fittings.
A306.1.2 Unlisted Fittings.
A306.2 Pipe Bends
A306.2.1 General.
A306.2.2 Corrugated and Other Bends.
A306.3 Miter Bends
A306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps
A306.4.1 Fabricated Laps
A306.4.2 Flared Laps.
A306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections
A306.5.1 General.
A306.5.2 Specific Requirements.
A307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS
A308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS
A308.1 General
A308.2 Nonmetallic Flanges
A308.2.1 General
A308.2.2 Threaded Flanges.
A308.3 Flange Facings
A308.4 Limitations on Gaskets
A308.4.1 Lining Used as Facing or Gasket.
A309 BOLTING
A309.1 General
A309.2 Specific Bolting
A309.3 Tapped Holes in Nonmetallic Components
PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS
A310 GENERAL
A311 BONDED JOINTS IN PLASTICS
A311.1 General
A311.2 Specific Requirements
A311.2.1 Fillet Bonds.
A311.2.2 Seal Bonds.
A311.2.3 Joints Limited to Category D Fluid Service.
A312 FLANGED JOINTS
A313 EXPANDED JOINTS
A314 THREADED JOINTS
A314.1 General
A314.2 Specific Requirements
A314.2.1 Thermoplastic Piping
A314.2.2 Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Piping.
A314.2.3 Reinforced Plastic Mortar Piping.
A315 TUBING JOINTS
A316 CAULKED JOINTS
A318 SPECIAL JOINTS
A318.1 General
A318.2 Specific Requirements
A318.3 Piping Lined With Nonmetals
A318.3.1 Welding of Metallic Piping
A318.3.2 Flared Linings
A318.4 Flexible Elastomeric Sealed Joints
PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT
A319 FLEXIBILITY OF NONMETALLIC PIPING
A319.1 Requirements
A319.1.1 Basic Requirements.
A319.1.2 Specific Requirements
A319.2 Concepts
A319.2.1 Displacement Strains.
A319.2.2 Displacement Stresses
A319.2.3 Cold Spring.
A319.3 Properties for Flexibility Analysis
A319.3.1 Thermal Expansion Data.
A319.3.2 Modulus of Elasticity.
A319.3.3 Poisson's Ratio.
A319.3.4 Dimensions.
A319.4 Analysis
A319.4.1 Formal Analysis Not Required.
A319.4.2 Formal Analysis Requirements.
A319.5 Reactions
A319.6 Movements
A319.7 Means of Increasing Flexibility
A321 PIPING SUPPORT
A321.5 Supports for Nonmetallic Piping
A321.5.1 General.
A321.5.2 Supports for Thermoplastic, RTR, and RPM Piping.
A321.5.3 Supports for Brittle Piping.
PART 6 SYSTEMS
A322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
A322.3 Instrument Piping
A322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems
A322.6.3 Overpressure Protection.
PART 7 MATERIALS
A323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
A323.1 Materials and Specifications
A323.1.4 Reclaimed Materials.
A323.2 Temperature Limitations
A323.2.1 Upper Temperature Limits, Listed Materials
A323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits, Listed Materials
A323.2.3 Temperature Limits, Unlisted Materials.
A323.2.4 Verification of Serviceability.
A323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Materials
A323.4.1 General
A323.4.2 Specific Requirements
A323.4.3 Piping Lined With Nonmetals
A323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service
A325 MATERIALS -- MISCELLANEOUS
PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS
A326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS
A326.1 Requirements
A326.4 Abbreviations in Table A326.1 and Appendix B
PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION
A327 GENERAL
A328 BONDING OF PLASTICS
A328.1 Bonding Responsibility
A328.2 Bonding Qualifications
A328.2.1 Qualification Requirements
A328.2.2 Procedure Qualification by Others.
A328.2.3 Performance Qualification by Others.
A328.2.4 Qualification Records.
A328.2.5 Qualification Tests.
A328.2.6 Performance Requalification.
A328.3 Bonding Materials and Equipment
A328.3.1 Materials.
A328.3.2 Equipment.
A328.4 Preparation for Bonding
A328.5 Bonding Requirements
A328.5.1 General
A328.5.2 Hot Gas Welded Joints in Thermoplastic Piping
A328.5.3 Solvent Cemented Joints in Thermoplastic Piping
A328.5.4 Heat Fusion Joints in Thermoplastic Piping
A328.5.5 Electrofusion Joints in Thermoplastic Piping
A328.5.6 Adhesive Joints in RTR and RPM Piping
A328.5.7 Butt-and-Wrapped Joints in RTR and RPM Piping
A328.6 Bonding Repair
A328.7 Seal Bonds
A329 FABRICATION OF PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS
A329.1 Welding of Metallic Piping
A329.1.1 General
A329.1.2 Specific Welding Requirements.
A329.2 Flaring of Nonmetallic Linings
A329.2.1 General
A332 BENDING AND FORMING
A332.1 General
A332.2 Bending
A332.3 Forming
A334 JOINING NONPLASTIC PIPING
A334.1 Borosilicate Glass Piping
A334.2 Repair of Defects
A335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION
A335.1 Alignment
A335.2 Flanged and Mechanical Joints
A335.2.5 Nonmetallic Bolted Joints
A335.2.6 Metallic Piping Lined With Nonmetals.
A335.3 Threaded Joints
A335.3.2 Joints for Seal Bonding.
A335.3.4 Tools, Nonmetallic Piping.
A335.3.5 RTR and RPM Piping.
A335.4 Tubing Joints
A335.4.1 Flared Joints in Thermoplastic Tubing.
A335.4.2 Flareless and Compression Tubing Joints.
A335.5 Caulked Joints
A335.6 Special Joints
A335.6.3 Flexible Elastomeric Sealed Joints.
A335.8 Assembly of Brittle Piping
A335.8.1 General.
A335.8.2 Borosilicate Glass Piping.
A335.9 Cleaning of Piping
PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND TESTING
A340 INSPECTION
A341 EXAMINATION
A341.1 General
A341.2 Responsibility for Examination
A341.3 Examination Requirements
A341.3.1 Responsibility for Examination.
A341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria.
A341.3.3 Defective Components and Workmanship.
A341.3.4 Progressive Sampling for Examination.
A341.4 Extent of Required Examination
A341.4.1 Examination Normally Required.
A341.4.2 Examination -- Category D Fluid Service.
A341.5 Supplementary Examination
A341.5.1 General.
A341.5.2 Examinations to Resolve Uncertainty.
A342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL
A343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
A344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION
A344.1 General
A344.2 Visual Examination
A344.5 Radiographic Examination
A344.6 Ultrasonic Examination
A344.7 In-Process Examination
A345 TESTING
A345.1 Required Leak Test
A345.2 General Requirements for Leak Test
A345.2.1 Limitations on Pressure.
A345.2.2 Other Test Requirements
A345.3 Preparation for Leak Test
A345.4 Hydrostatic Leak Test
A345.4.1 Test Fluid.
A345.4.2 Test Pressure
A345.4.3 Hydrostatic Test of Piping With Vessels as a System.
A345.5 Pneumatic Leak Test
A345.5.1 Precautions.
A345.5.2 Other Requirements
A345.6 Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test
A345.7 Initial Service Leak Test
A345.8 Sensitive Leak Test
A346 RECORDS
Chapter VIII Piping for Category M Fluid Service
M300 GENERAL STATEMENTS
PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA
M301 DESIGN CONDITIONS
M301.3 Design Temperature, Metallic Piping
M301.5 Dynamic Effects
M301.5.1 Impact.
M301.5.4 Vibration.
M302 DESIGN CRITERIA
M302.1 General
M302.2.4 Allowance for Pressure and Temperature Variations, Metallic Piping.
PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF METALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS
M303 GENERAL
M304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF METALLIC COMPONENTS
PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR METALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS
M305 PIPE
M305.1 General
M305.2 Specific Requirements for Metallic Pipe
M306 METALLIC FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS
M306.1 Pipe Fittings
M306.1.3 Specific Fittings
M306.2 Pipe Bends
M306.3 Miter Bends
M306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps
M306.4.1 General.
M306.4.2 Flared Laps.
M306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections
M306.6 Closures
M307 METALLIC VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS
M307.1 General
M307.2 Specific Requirements
M308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS
M308.2 Specific Requirements for Metallic Flanges
M308.3 Flange Facings
M308.4 Gaskets
M308.5 Blanks
M309 BOLTING
PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR METALLIC PIPING JOINTS
M310 METALLIC PIPING, GENERAL
M311 WELDED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING
M311.1 General
M311.2 Specific Requirements
M312 FLANGED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING
M313 EXPANDED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING
M314 THREADED JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING
M314.1 General
M314.2 Specific Requirements
M314.2.1 Taper-Threaded Joints.
M314.2.2 Straight-Threaded Joints.
M315 TUBING JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING
M316 CAULKED JOINTS
M317 SOLDERED AND BRAZED JOINTS
M318 SPECIAL JOINTS IN METALLIC PIPING
PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT OF METALLIC PIPING
M319 FLEXIBILITY OF METALLIC PIPING
M320 ANALYSIS OF SUSTAINED LOADS
M321 PIPING SUPPORT
PART 6 SYSTEMS
M322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
M322.3 Instrument Piping
M322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems
M322.6.3 Overpressure Protection
PART 7 METALLIC MATERIALS
M323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
M323.1 Materials and Specifications
M323.1.2 Unlisted Materials.
M323.1.3 Unknown Materials.
M323.1.4 Reclaimed Metallic Materials.
M323.2 Temperature Limitations
M323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria
M323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Metallic Materials
M323.4.2 Specific Requirements.
M323.4.3 Metallic Cladding and Lining Materials.
M323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service
M325 MATERIALS -- MISCELLANEOUS
M325.1 Joining and Auxiliary Materials
PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS
M326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS
M326.1 Dimensional Requirements
M326.1.1 Listed Piping Components.
M326.1.2 Unlisted Piping Components.
M326.2 Ratings of Components
M326.3 Reference Documents
PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION OF METALLIC PIPING
M327 GENERAL
M328 WELDING OF METALS
M328.3 Welding Materials
M330 PREHEATING OF METALS
M331 HEAT TREATMENT OF METALS
M332 BENDING AND FORMING OF METALS
M335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION OF METALLIC PIPING
M335.1 General
M335.1.1 Alignment.
M335.2 Flanged Joints
M335.3 Threaded Joints
M335.3.3 Straight-Threaded Joints.
M335.3.4 Condition of Threads.
M335.4 Tubing Joints
M335.4.1 Flared Tubing Joints.
M335.4.2 Flareless and Compression Tubing Joints.
M335.6 Special Joints
M335.9 Cleaning of Piping
M335.10 Identification of Piping
PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, TESTING, AND RECORDS OF METALLIC PIPING
M340 INSPECTION
M341 EXAMINATION
M341.4 Extent of Required Examination
M342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL
M343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
M344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION
M345 TESTING
M346 RECORDS
MA300 GENERAL STATEMENTS
PART 11 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA
MA301 DESIGN CONDITIONS
MA302 DESIGN CRITERIA
MA302.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria
MA302.2.4 Allowances for Pressure and Temperature Variation.
MA302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits
MA302.4 Allowances
PART 12 PRESSURE DESIGN OF NONMETALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS
MA303 GENERAL
MA304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF NONMETALLIC COMPONENTS
PART 13 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR NONMETALLIC PIPING COMPONENTS
MA305 PIPE
MA306 NONMETALLIC FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS
MA306.3 Miter Bends
MA306.4 Fabricated Laps
MA306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections
MA307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS
MA308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS
MA308.2 Nonmetallic Flanges
MA309 BOLTING
PART 14 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR NONMETALLIC PIPING JOINTS
MA310 GENERAL
MA311 BONDED JOINTS
MA311.1 General
MA311.2 Specific Requirements
MA312 FLANGED JOINTS
MA313 EXPANDED JOINTS
MA314 THREADED JOINTS
MA314.1 General
MA315 TUBING JOINTS IN NONMETALLIC PIPING
MA316 CAULKED JOINTS
MA318 SPECIAL JOINTS
PART 15 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT OF NONMETALLIC PIPING
MA319 PIPING FLEXIBILITY
MA321 PIPING SUPPORT
PART 16 NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC LINED SYSTEMS
MA322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
PART 17 NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
MA323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
MA323.1.2 Unlisted Materials.
MA323.4 Fluid Service Requirements for Nonmetallic Materials
MA323.4.2 Specific Requirements.
MA323.4.3 Nonmetallic Lining Materials.
PART 18 STANDARDS FOR NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC LINED PIPING COMPONENTS
MA326 DIMENSIONS AND RATINGS OF COMPONENTS
PART 19 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION OF NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC LINED PIPING
MA327 GENERAL
MA328 BONDING OF PLASTICS
MA329 FABRICATION OF PIPING LINED WITH NONMETALS
MA332 BENDING AND FORMING
MA334 JOINING NONPLASTIC PIPING
MA335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION
PART 20 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, TESTING, AND RECORDS OF NONMETALLIC AND NONMETALLIC LINED PIPING
MA340 INSPECTION
MA341 EXAMINATION
MA341.1 General
MA341.4 Extent of Required Examination
MA342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL
MA343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
MA344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION
MA345 TESTING
MA346 RECORDS
Chapter IX High Pressure Piping
K300 GENERAL STATEMENTS
K300.1 Scope
K300.1.1 Content and Coverage.
K300.1.2 Packaged Equipment Piping.
K300.1.3 Exclusions.
K300.1.4 Category M Fluid Service.
K300.2 Definitions
K300.3 Nomenclature
K300.4 Status of Appendices
PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA
K301 DESIGN CONDITIONS
K301.1 General
K301.2 Design Pressure
K301.2.1 General.
K301.2.2 Required Pressure Containment or Relief.
K301.3 Design Temperature
K301.3.1 Design Minimum Temperature.
K301.3.2 Uninsulated Components.
K301.5 Dynamic Effects
K301.5.4 Vibration.
K302 DESIGN CRITERIA
K302.1 General
K302.2 Pressure-Temperature Design Criteria
K302.2.1 Listed Components Having Established Ratings.
K302.2.2 Listed Components Not Having Specific Ratings
K302.2.3 Unlisted Components
K302.2.4 Allowance for Pressure and Temperature Variations.
K302.2.5 Ratings at Junction of Different Services.
K302.3 Allowable Stresses and Other Design Limits
K302.3.1 General.
K302.3.2 Bases for Allowable Stresses.
K302.3.3 Casting Quality Factor.
K302.3.4 Weld Joint Quality Factor.
K302.3.5 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Sustained Loads and Displacement Strains
K302.3.6 Limits of Calculated Stresses Due to Occasional Loads
K302.4 Allowances
K302.5 Mechanical Strength
PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS
K303 GENERAL
K304 PRESSURE DESIGN OF HIGH PRESSURE COMPONENTS
K304.1 Straight Pipe
K304.1.1 General
K304.1.2 Straight Pipe Under Internal Pressure
K304.1.3 Straight Pipe Under External Pressure.
K304.2 Curved and Mitered Segments of Pipe
K304.2.1 Pipe Bends.
K304.2.2 Elbows.
K304.2.3 Miter Bends.
K304.2.4 Curved Segments of Pipe Under External Pressure.
K304.3 Branch Connections
K304.3.1 General.
K304.3.2 Strength of Branch Connections
K304.3.3 Reinforcement of Welded Branch Connections.
K304.4 Closures
K304.5 Pressure Design of Flanges and Blanks
K304.5.1 Flanges -- General
K304.5.2 Blind Flanges
K304.5.3 Blanks.
K304.6 Reducers
K304.7 Pressure Design of Other Components
K304.7.1 Listed Components.
K304.7.2 Unlisted Components.
K304.7.3 Components With Nonmetallic Parts.
K304.7.4 Bellows Type Expansion Joints.
K304.8 Fatigue Analysis
K304.8.1 General.
K304.8.2 Amplitude of Alternating Stress
K304.8.3 Pressure Stress Evaluation for Fatigue Analysis
K304.8.4 Fatigue Evaluation by Test.
K304.8.5 Extended Fatigue Life.
PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS
K305 PIPE
K305.1 Requirements
K305.1.1 General.
K305.1.2 Additional Examination.
K305.1.3 Heat Treatment.
K305.1.4 Unlisted Pipe and Tubing.
K306 FITTINGS, BENDS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS
K306.1 Pipe Fittings
K306.1.1 General.
K306.1.2 Specific Fittings
K306.2 Pipe Bends
K306.2.1 General.
K306.2.2 Corrugated and Other Bends.
K306.3 Miter Bends
K306.4 Fabricated or Flared Laps
K306.5 Fabricated Branch Connections
K307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS
K307.1 General
K308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS
K308.1 General
K308.2 Specific Flanges
K308.2.1 Threaded Flanges.
K308.2.2 Other Flange Types.
K308.3 Flange Facings
K308.4 Gaskets
K308.5 Blanks
K309 BOLTING
PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS
K310 GENERAL
K311 WELDED JOINTS
K311.1 General
K311.2 Specific Requirements
K311.2.1 Backing Rings and Consumable Inserts.
K311.2.2 Fillet Welds.
K311.2.3 Other Weld Types.
K312 FLANGED JOINTS
K312.1 Joints Using Flanges of Different Ratings
K313 EXPANDED JOINTS
K314 THREADED JOINTS
K314.1 General
K314.2 Taper-Threaded Joints
K314.3 Straight-Threaded Joints
K314.3.1 Joints With Seal Formed by Projecting Pipe.
K314.3.2 Other Straight-Threaded Joints
K315 TUBING JOINTS
K315.1 Flared Type Joints
K315.2 Flareless Joints Using Components Conforming to Listed Standards
K315.3 Flareless Joints Using Components Not Conforming to Listed Standards
K316 CAULKED JOINTS
K317 SOLDERED AND BRAZED JOINTS
K317.1 Soldered Joints
K317.2 Brazed Joints
K318 SPECIAL JOINTS
K318.1 General
K318.2 Specific Requirements
K318.2.1 Prototype Tests.
K318.2.2 Prohibited Joints.
PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT
K319 FLEXIBILITY
K321 PIPING SUPPORT
K321.1 General
K321.1.1 Objectives.
K321.1.4 Materials.
K321.3 Structural Attachments
K321.3.2 Integral Attachments.
PART 6 SYSTEMS
K322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
K322.3 Instrument Piping
K322.3.1 Definition.
K322.3.2 Requirements.
K322.6 Pressure-Relieving Systems
K322.6.3 Overpressure Protection.
PART 7 MATERIALS
K323 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
K323.1 Materials and Specifications
K323.1.1 Listed Materials
K323.1.2 Unlisted Materials.
K323.1.3 Unknown Materials.
K323.1.4 Reclaimed Materials.
K323.1.5 Product Analysis.
K323.1.6 Repair of Materials by Welding.
K323.2 Temperature Limitations
K323.2.1 Upper Temperature Limits, Listed Materials.
K323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits, Listed Materials
K323.2.3 Temperature Limits, Unlisted Materials.
K323.2.4 Verification of Serviceability
K323.3 Impact Testing Methods and Acceptance Criteria
K323.3.1 General.
K323.3.2 Procedure.
K323.3.3 Test Specimens
K323.3.4 Test Temperatures.
K323.3.5 Acceptance Criteria
K323.4 Requirements for Materials
K323.4.1 General.
K323.4.2 Specific Requirements
K323.4.3 Metallic Clad and Lined Materials.
K323.5 Deterioration of Materials in Service
K325 MISCELLANEOUS MATERIALS
PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS
K326 REQUIREMENTS FOR COMPONENTS
K326.1 Dimensional Requirements
K326.1.1 Listed Piping Components.
K326.1.2 Unlisted Piping Components.
K326.1.3 Threads.
K326.2 Ratings of Components
K326.2.1 Listed Components.
K326.2.2 Unlisted Components.
K326.3 Reference Documents
K326.4 Repair of Piping Components by Welding
PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION
K327 GENERAL
K328 WELDING
K328.1 Welding Responsibility
K328.2 Welding Qualifications
K328.2.1 Qualification Requirements.
K328.2.2 Procedure Qualification by Others.
K328.2.3 Performance Qualification by Others.
K328.2.4 Qualification Records.
K328.3 Materials
K328.3.1 Filler Metal.
K328.3.2 Weld Backing Material.
K328.3.3 Consumable Inserts.
K328.4 Preparation for Welding
K328.4.1 Cleaning.
K328.4.2 End Preparation
K328.4.3 Alignment
K328.5 Welding Requirements
K328.5.1 General.
K328.5.2 Fillet Welds.
K328.5.3 Seal Welds.
K328.5.4 Welded Branch Connections.
K328.5.5 Fabricated Laps.
K328.6 Weld Repair
K330 PREHEATING
K330.1 General
K330.1.1 Requirements.
K330.1.2 Unlisted Materials.
K330.1.3 Temperature Verification.
K330.1.4 Preheat Zone.
K330.2 Specific Requirements
K331 HEAT TREATMENT
K331.1 General
K331.1.1 Heat Treatment Requirements.
K331.1.3 Governing Thickness.
K331.1.4 Heating and Cooling.
K331.1.6 Temperature Verification.
K331.2 Specific Requirements
K332 BENDING AND FORMING
K332.1 General
K332.2 Bending
K332.2.1 Bend Flattening.
K332.2.2 Bending Temperature.
K332.3 Forming
K332.4 Required Heat Treatment
K332.4.1 Hot Bending and Forming.
K332.4.2 Cold Bending and Forming
K333 BRAZING AND SOLDERING
K335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION
K335.1 General
K335.2 Flanged Joints
K335.3 Threaded Joints
K335.4 Special Joints
K335.5 Cleaning of Piping
PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND TESTING
K340 INSPECTION
K341 EXAMINATION
K341.3 Examination Requirements
K341.3.1 General.
K341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria.
K341.3.3 Defective Components and Workmanship.
K341.4 Extent of Required Examination
K341.4.1 Visual Examination
K341.4.2 Radiographic and Ultrasonic Examination
K341.4.3 Certifications and Records.
K341.5 Supplementary Examination
K341.5.1 Hardness Tests.
K341.5.2 Examinations to Resolve Uncertainty.
K342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL
K343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
K344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION
K344.1 General
K344.2 Visual Examination
K344.3 Magnetic Particle Examination
K344.4 Liquid Penetrant Examination
K344.5 Radiographic Examination
K344.6 Ultrasonic Examination
K344.6.1 Castings.
K344.6.2 Pipe and Tubing
K344.6.3 Welds
K344.7 In-Process Examination
K344.8 Eddy Current Examination
K344.8.1 Method.
K344.8.2 Acceptance Criteria.
K344.8.3 Records.
K345 LEAK TESTING
K345.1 Required Leak Test
K345.2 General Requirements for Leak Tests
K345.2.1 Limitations on Pressure
K345.2.2 Other Test Requirements.
K345.2.3 Special Provisions for Leak Testing.
K345.3 Preparation for Leak Test
K345.4 Hydrostatic Leak Test
K345.4.2 Test Pressure for Components and Welds.
K345.4.3 Hydrostatic Test of Piping With Vessels as a System.
K345.5 Pneumatic Leak Test
K345.5.4 Test Pressure.
K345.6 Hydrostatic-Pneumatic Leak Test for Components and Welds
K346 RECORDS
K346.1 Responsibility
K346.2 Required Records
K346.3 Retention of Records
Chapter X High Purity Piping
U300 GENERAL STATEMENTS
PART 1 CONDITIONS AND CRITERIA
U301 DESIGN CONDITIONS
U301.3 Design Temperature
U301.3.2 Uninsulated Components
PART 2 PRESSURE DESIGN OF PIPING COMPONENTS
PART 3 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS
U306 FITTINGS, BENDS, MITERS, LAPS, AND BRANCH CONNECTIONS
U306.6 Tube Fittings
U307 VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS
U307.3 High Purity Fluid Service Valves
U308 FLANGES, BLANKS, FLANGE FACINGS, AND GASKETS
PART 4 FLUID SERVICE REQUIREMENTS FOR PIPING JOINTS
U311 WELDED JOINTS
U311.1 General
U314 THREADED JOINTS
U315 TUBING JOINTS
U315.1 General
U315.2 Joints Conforming to Listed Standards
U315.3 Joints Not Conforming to Listed Standards
PART 5 FLEXIBILITY AND SUPPORT
U319 PIPING FLEXIBILITY
U319.3 Properties for Flexibility Analysis
U319.3.6 Flexibility and Stress Intensification Factors.
PART 6 SYSTEMS
PART 7 METALLIC MATERIALS
PART 8 STANDARDS FOR PIPING COMPONENTS
PART 9 FABRICATION, ASSEMBLY, AND ERECTION
U327 GENERAL
U328 WELDING
U328.2 Welding and Brazing Qualification
U328.2.1 Qualification Requirements
U328.4 Preparation for Welding
U328.4.4 Preparation of Weld Coupons
U328.5 Welding Requirements
U328.5.1 General
U330 PREHEATING
U331 HEAT TREATMENT
U332 BENDING AND FORMING
U333 BRAZING AND SOLDERING
U335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION
U335.7 Face Seal Joints
U335.7.1 Metal Face Seal.
U335.7.2 Nonmetallic Face Seal.
U335.8 Hygienic Clamp Joint Assembly
PART 10 INSPECTION, EXAMINATION, AND TESTING
U340 INSPECTION
U341 EXAMINATION
U341.3 Examination Requirements
U341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria.
U341.4 Extent of Required Examination
U341.4.1 Examination.
U341.4.5 Weld Coupon Examination.
U342 EXAMINATION PERSONNEL
U342.2 Specific Requirement
U343 EXAMINATION PROCEDURES
U344 TYPES OF EXAMINATION
U344.2 Visual Examination
U344.8 Weld Coupon Examination
U344.8.1 Requirements.
U344.8.2 Method.
U345 TESTING
U345.1 Required Leak Test
U345.8 Sensitive Leak Test
U345.8.1 Helium Mass Spectrometer Test.
U345.9 Alternative Leak Test
U346 RECORDS
U346.2 Responsibility
U346.3 Retention of Records
PART 11 HIGH PURITY PIPING IN CATEGORY M FLUID SERVICE
UM300 GENERAL STATEMENTS
UM307 METALLIC VALVES AND SPECIALTY COMPONENTS
UM307.2 Specific Requirements
UM322 SPECIFIC PIPING SYSTEMS
UM322.3 Instrument Piping
UM328 WELDING OF MATERIALS
UM335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION OF METALLIC PIPING
UM335.3.3 Straight-Threaded Joints.
UM341 EXAMINATION
UM341.4 Extent of Required Examination
UM345 TESTING
Figures
Fig. 300.1.1 Diagram Illustrating Application of B31.3 Piping at Equipment
Fig. 302.3.5 Stress Range Factor, f
Fig. 304.2.1 Nomenclature for Pipe Bends
Fig. 304.2.3 Nomenclature for Miter Bends
Fig. 304.3.3 Branch Connection Nomenclature
Fig. 304.3.4 Extruded Outlet Header Nomenclature
Fig. 304.5.3 Blanks
Fig. 319.4.4A Moments in Bends
Fig. 319.4.4B Moments in Branch Connections
Fig. 323.2.2A Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials
Fig. 323.2.2B Reduction in Lowest Exemption Temperature for Steels Without Impact Testing
Fig. 328.3.2 Typical Backing Rings and Consumable Inserts
Fig. 328.4.2 Typical Butt Weld End Preparation
Fig. 328.4.4 Preparation for Branch Connections
Fig. 328.5.2A Fillet Weld Size
Fig. 328.5.2B Typical Details for Double-Welded Slip-On and Socket Welding Flange Attachment Welds
Fig. 328.5.2C Minimum Welding Dimensions for Socket Welding Components Other Than Flanges
Figs. 328.5.4A, B, C Typical Welded Branch Connections
Fig. 328.5.4D Acceptable Details for Branch Attachment Welds
Fig. 328.5.4E Acceptable Details for Branch Attachment Suitable for 100% Radiography
Fig. 328.5.4F Acceptable Details for Integrally Reinforced Branch Connections
Fig. 328.5.5 Typical Fabricated Laps
Fig. 335.3.3 Typical Threaded Joints Using Straight Threads
Fig. 341.3.2 Typical Weld Imperfections
Fig. A328.5 Typical Plastic Piping Joints
Fig. K323.3.3 Example of an Acceptable Impact Test Specimen
Fig. K328.4.3 Pipe Bored for Alignment: Trimming and Permitted Misalignment
Fig. K328.5.4 Some Acceptable Welded Branch Connections Suitable for 100% Radiography
Fig. U304.5.3 Blanks
Fig. U335.7.1 Face Seal Joints
Fig. U335.8A Hygienic Clamp Joint Assembly
Fig. U335.8B Hygienic Clamp Types
Fig. U335.8C Hygienic Ferrules
Fig. H301 Illustrations for Metric Examples in Appendix H
Fig. H311 Illustrations for U.S. Customary Examples in Appendix H
Fig. M300 Guide to Classifying Fluid Services
Fig. R307 Surface and Subsurface Flaws
Fig. S301.1 Simple Code Compliant Model
Fig. S302.1 Lift-Off Model
Fig. S303.1 Moment Reversal Model
Tables
Table 300.4 Status of Appendices in B31.3
Table 302.3.3C Increased Casting Quality Factors, Ec
Table 302.3.3D Acceptance Levels for Castings
Table 302.3.4 Longitudinal Weld Joint Quality Factor, Ej
Fig. 302.3.5 Stress Range Factor, f
Table 302.3.5 Weld Joint Strength Reduction Factor, W
Table 304.1.1 Values of Coefficient Y for t < D/6
Table 304.4.1 BPV Code References for Closures
Table 308.2.1 Permissible Sizes/Rating Classes for Slip-On Flanges Used as Lapped Flanges
Table 314.2.1 Minimum Thickness of External Threaded Components
Table 323.2.2 Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Metals
Table 323.2.2A Tabular Values for Minimum Temperatures Without Impact Testing for Carbon Steel Materials (See Fig. 323.2.2A for Curves and Applicable Notes)
Table 323.2.2B Tabular Values for Reduction in Lowest Exemption Temperature for Steels Without Impact Testing
Table 323.3.1 Impact Testing Requirements for Metals
Table 323.3.4 Charpy Impact Test Temperature Reduction
Table 323.3.5 Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact Values
Table 326.1 Component Standards
Table 330.1.1 Preheat Temperatures
Table 331.1.1 Postweld Heat Treatment
Table 331.1.2 Alternate Postweld Heat Treatment Requirements for Carbon and Low Alloy Steels, P-Nos.1 and 3
Table 331.1.3 Exemptions to Mandatory Postweld Heat Treatment
Table 341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Welds — Visual and Radiographic Examination
Criterion Value Notes for Table 341.3.2
Table A323.2.2 Requirements for Low Temperature Toughness Tests for Nonmetals
Table A323.4.2C Recommended Temperature Limits for Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
Table A323.4.3 Recommended Temperature Limits for Thermoplastics Used as Linings
Table A326.1 Component Standards
Table A341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Bonds
Table K302.3.3D Acceptable Severity Levels for Steel Castings
Table K305.1.2 Required Ultrasonic or Eddy Current Examination of Pipe and Tubing for Longitudinal Defects
Table K323.3.1 Impact Testing Requirements
Table K323.3.5 Minimum Required Charpy V-Notch Impact Values
Table K326.1 Component Standards
Table K341.3.2 Acceptance Criteria for Welds
Table A-1 Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals
Table A-1M Basic Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals (Metric)
Table A-1A Basic Casting Quality Factors, Ec
Table A-1B Basic Quality Factors for Longitudinal Weld Joints in Pipes and Tubes, Ej
Table A-2 Design Stress Values for Bolting Materials
Table A-2M Design Stress Values for Bolting Materials (Metric)
Table B-1 Hydrostatic Design Stresses (HDS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Thermoplastic Pipe
Table B-1M Hydrostatic Design Stresses (HDS) and Recommended Temperature Limits for Thermoplastic Pipe (SI Units)
Table B-2 Listed Specifications for Laminated Reinforced Thermosetting Resin Pipe
Table B-3 Listed Specifications for Filament Wound and Centrifugally Cast Reinforced Thermosetting Resin and Reinforced Plastic Mortar Pipe
Table B-4 Allowable Pressures and Recommended Temperature Limits for Concrete Pipe
Table B-5 Allowable Pressures and Recommended Temperature Limits for Borosilicate Glass Pipe
Table B-6 Allowable Pressures and Recommended Temperature Limits for PEX-AL-PEX and PE-AL-PE Pipe
Table C-1 Thermal Expansion Data
Table C-2 Thermal Expansion Data (SI Units)
Table C-5 Thermal Expansion Coefficients, Nonmetals
Table C-6 Modulus of Elasticity, U.S. Units, for Metals
Table C-8 Modulus of Elasticity, Nonmetals
Table D300 Flexibility Factor, k, and Stress Intensification Factor, i
Table K-1 Allowable Stresses in Tension for Metals for Chapter IX
Table L301.2M Pressure–Temperature Ratings (Metric Units)
Table L301.2U Pressure–Temperature Ratings (U.S. Customary Units)
Table R308.1 Acceptance Criteria for Surface Flaws
Table R308.2 Acceptance Criteria for Subsurface Flaws
Table S301.1 Temperature/Pressure Combinations
Table S301.3.1 Generic Pipe Stress Model Input
Table S301.3.2 Element Connectivity, Type, and Lengths
Table S301.5.1 Operating Load Case Results: Internal Loads and Deflections
Table S301.5.2 Operating Load Case Results: Reaction Loads on Supports and Anchors
Table S301.6 Sustained Forces and Stresses [Allowable, Sh = 130 MPa (18,900 psi)]
Table S301.7 Displacement Stress Range [SA = 205 MPa (29,725 psi)]
Table S302.1 Temperature/Pressure Combinations
Table S302.3 Generic Pipe Stress Model Input: Component Connectivity, Type, and Lengths
Table S302.5.1 Results for Operating Case 1: Reaction Loads on Support and Anchors
Table S302.6.2.1 Sustained Load Condition Listing
Table S302.6.3.1 Sustained Forces and Stresses for Sustained Condition 3 With Node 50 Support Removed [Allowable Sh = 124.5 MPa (18,100 psi): Fails]
Table S303.1 Pressure/Temperature Combinations
Table S303.3 Generic Pipe Stress Model Input: Component Connectivity, Type, and Lengths
Table S303.7.1 Case 1: Displacement Stress Range [Eq. (1a) Allowable SA = 248.2 MPa (36 ksi): Passes]
Table S303.7.2 Case 2: Displacement Stress Range [Eq. (1a) Allowable SA = 248.2 MPa (36 ksi): Passes]
Table S303.7.3 Load Combination Considering Cases 1 and 2, Total Strain Based: Displacement Stress Range [Eq. (1b) Allowable SA = 379.8 MPa (55.1 ksi): Fails]
APPENDIX A ALLOWABLE STRESSES AND QUALITY FACTORS FOR METALLIC PIPING AND BOLTING MATERIALS
NOTES FOR TABLES A-1, A-1M, A-1A, A-1B, A-2, AND A-2M
APPENDIX B STRESS TABLES AND ALLOWABLE PRESSURE TABLES FOR NONMETALS
APPENDIX C PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF PIPING MATERIALS
APPENDIX D FLEXIBILITY AND STRESS INTENSIFICATION FACTORS
APPENDIX E REFERENCE STANDARDS
APPENDIX F GUIDANCE AND PRECAUTIONARY CONSIDERATIONS
F300 GENERAL
F300.1 Piping That Has Been Placed in Service
F301 DESIGN CONDITIONS
F301.4 Ambient Effects
F301.5 Dynamic Effects
F301.7 Thermal Expansion and Contraction Effects
F301.10 Cyclic Effects
F301.10.1 Pressure Cycling.
F301.10.2 Thermal Fatigue at Mixing Points.
F301.10.3 Severe Cyclic Conditions.
F301.11 Condensation Effects
F304 PRESSURE DESIGN
F304.7 Pressure Design of Other Metallic Components
F304.7.4 Expansion Joints.
F307 VALVES
F308 FLANGES AND GASKETS
F308.2 Specific Flanges
F308.4 Gaskets
F309 BOLTING
F309.1 General
F312 FLANGED JOINTS
F312.1 General
F321 PIPING SUPPORT
F321.4 Wear of Piping at Support Points
F322 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPECIFIC SYSTEMS
F322.6 Pressure Relief Piping
F323 MATERIALS
F323.1 General Considerations
F323.2 Temperature Limitations
F323.2.2 Lower Temperature Limits.
F323.4 Specific Material Considerations -- Metals
F331 HEAT TREATMENT
F331.1 Heat Treatment Considerations
F335 ASSEMBLY AND ERECTION
F335.9 Cleaning of Piping
F335.10 Identification of Piping
F345 TESTING
F345.2.3 Special Provisions for Testing.
F345.4 Hydrostatic Leak Test
F345.4.1 Test Fluid.
F345.5 Pneumatic Leak Test
F345.5.1 Precautions.
FA323 MATERIALS
FA323.4 Material Considerations -- Nonmetals
FU315 HYGIENIC CLAMP JOINTS
APPENDIX G SAFEGUARDING
G300 SCOPE
G300.1 General Considerations
G300.2 Safeguarding by Plant Layout and Operation
G300.3 Engineered Safeguards
APPENDIX H SAMPLE CALCULATIONS FOR BRANCH REINFORCEMENT
H300 INTRODUCTION (METRIC)
H301 EXAMPLE 1
Solution
H302 EXAMPLE 2
Solution
H303 EXAMPLE 3
Solution
H304 EXAMPLE 4
Solution
H305 EXAMPLE 5 (Not Illustrated)
Solution
H310 INTRODUCTION (U.S. CUSTOMARY)
H311 EXAMPLE 1
Solution
H312 EXAMPLE 2
Solution
H313 EXAMPLE 3
Solution
H314 EXAMPLE 4
Solution
H315 EXAMPLE 5 (Not Illustrated)
Solution
APPENDIX J NOMENCLATURE
APPENDIX K ALLOWABLE STRESSES FOR HIGH PRESSURE PIPING
NOTES FOR TABLE K-1
APPENDIX L ALUMINUM ALLOY PIPE FLANGES
L300 GENERAL
L301 PRESSURE-TEMPERATURE RATINGS
L301.1 Ratings Basis
L301.2 Ratings of Flanged Joints
L301.3 Temperature Considerations
L301.3.1 Flange Attachment.
L301.3.2 Differential Thermal Expansion and Conductivity.
L301.4 Hydrostatic Test
L302 MARKING
L302.1 Name
L302.2 Material
L302.3 Rating
L302.4 Designation
L302.5 Size
L303 MATERIALS
L303.1 Flange Material
L303.1.1 Repair Welding of Flanges.
L303.2 Bolting Materials
L303.2.1 High Strength Bolting.
L303.2.2 Intermediate Strength Bolting.
L303.2.3 Low Strength Bolting.
L303.3 Gaskets
L303.3.1 Gaskets for Low-Strength Bolting.
L303.3.2 Gaskets for Class 150 Flanged Joints.
L303.3.3 Gaskets for Class 300 and Higher Flanged Joints.
L304 DIMENSIONS AND FACINGS
L305 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
APPENDIX M GUIDE TO CLASSIFYING FLUID SERVICES
APPENDIX N APPLICATION OF ASME B31.3 INTERNATIONALLY
N100 INTRODUCTION
N200 COMPLIANCE WITH THE EUROPEAN PRESSURE EQUIPMENT DIRECTIVE (PED)
APPENDIX Q QUALITY SYSTEM PROGRAM
APPENDIX R USE OF ALTERNATIVE ULTRASONIC ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
R300 GENERAL
R301 SCOPE
R302 EQUIPMENT
R303 PERSONNEL
R304 EXAMINATION
R305 DATA RECORDING AND CAPTURE
R306 DATA ANALYSIS
R307 FLAW EVALUATION
R308 FLAW ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA
APPENDIX S PIPING SYSTEM STRESS ANALYSIS EXAMPLES
S300 INTRODUCTION
S300.1 Definitions and Nomenclature
S301 EXAMPLE 1: CODE COMPLIANT PIPING SYSTEM
S301.1 Example Description
S301.2 Design Conditions
S301.3 Computer Model Input
S301.4 Pressure Effects
S301.5 The Operating Load Case
S301.6 The Sustained Load Case
S301.7 The Displacement Stress Range Load Case
S302 EXAMPLE 2: ANTICIPATED SUSTAINED CONDITIONS CONSIDERING PIPE LIFT-OFF
S302.1 Example Description
S302.2 Design Conditions
S302.3 Computer Model Input
S302.4 Pressure Effects
S302.5 The Operating Load Case
S302.6 Sustained Conditions
S302.6.1 The Stress Due to Sustained Loads, SL, Calculations.
S302.6.2 Anticipated Sustained Conditions.
S302.6.3 Results for the Evaluated Sustained Condition.
S302.7 Displacement Stress Range Load Cases
S302.8 Code Compliance -- Satisfying the Intent of the Code
S303 EXAMPLE 3: MOMENT REVERSAL
S303.1 Example Description
S303.2 Design Conditions
S303.3 Computer Model Input
S303.4 Pressure Effects
S303.5 Operating Load Case(s)
S303.6 Sustained Load Case
S303.7 Displacement Stress Range Load Cases
S303.8 Code Compliance -- Satisfying the Intent of the Code
APPENDIX V ALLOWABLE VARIATIONS IN ELEVATED TEMPERATURE SERVICE
V300 APPLICATION
V300.1 Definitions
V301 DESIGN BASIS
V302 CRITERIA
V303 PROCEDURE
V303.1 Calculations for Each Service Condition i
V303.1.1 Equivalent Stress for Pressure
V303.1.2 Effective Temperature.
V303.1.3 Larson-Miller Parameter.
V303.1.4 Rupture Life.
V303.2 Determine Creep-Rupture Usage Factor
V303.3 Evaluation
V304 EXAMPLE
APPENDIX X METALLIC BELLOWS EXPANSION JOINTS
X300 GENERAL
X301 PIPING DESIGNER RESPONSIBILITIES
X301.1 Expansion Joint Design Conditions
X301.1.1 Static Design Conditions.
X301.1.2 Cyclic Design Conditions.
X301.1.3 Other Loads.
X301.1.4 Fluid Properties.
X301.1.5 Other Design Conditions.
X301.2 Piping Design Requirements
X301.2.1 General.
X301.2.2 Design of Anchors
X302 EXPANSION JOINT MANUFACTURER RESPONSIBILITIES
X302.1 Expansion Joint Design
X302.1.1 Factors of Safety.
X302.1.2 Design Stress Limits.
X302.1.3 Fatigue Analysis
X302.1.4 Limitations
X302.2 Expansion Joint Manufacture
X302.2.1 Fabrication
X302.2.2 Examination.
X302.2.3 Leak Test
APPENDIX Z PREPARATION OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES
Z300 INTRODUCTION
Z301 REQUIREMENTS
Z302 SUBMITTAL
INDEX
NOTES FOR INDEX
ASME B31.3 INTERPRETATIONS VOLUME 25
Interpretation 22-03R
Interpretation 22-35R
Interpretation 24-21R
Interpretation 25-01
Interpretation 25-02
Interpretation 25-03
Interpretation 25-04
Interpretation 25-05
Interpretation 25-06
Interpretation 25-07
Interpretation 25-08
Interpretation 25-09
Interpretation 25-10
Interpretation 25-11
Interpretation 25-12
Interpretation 25-13
Interpretation 25-14
Interpretation 25-15
Interpretation 25-16
Interpretation 25-17
Interpretation 25-18
Interpretation 25-19
Interpretation 25-20
Interpretation 25-21
Interpretation 25-22
Interpretation 25-23
Interpretation 25-24
Interpretation 25-25
Interpretation 25-26
Interpretation 25-27
Interpretation 25-28
Interpretation 25-29
Interpretation 25-30
Interpretation 25-31
Interpretation 25-32
Interpretation 25-33
Interpretation 25-34
Interpretation 25-35
Interpretation 25-36
Interpretation 25-37
Interpretation 25-38
Interpretation 25-39
Interpretation 25-40
Interpretation 25-41
Interpretation 25-42
NUMERICAL INDEX
SUBJECT INDEX
B31.3 Code Cases