Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Microplastic Pollution in the Mediterranean Sea (Springer Water)

✍ Scribed by Mariacristina Cocca (editor), Veronica Ambrogi (editor), Roberto Avolio (editor), Rachele Castaldo (editor), Maria Emanuela Errico (editor), Gennaro Gentile (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 258
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Microplastic pollution is a global problem, and its severity only threatens to get worse. This book presents all of the most up-to-date research on microplastic pollution, identifies issues and proposes actions to be taken and solutions to be implemented in facing down this environmental threat. The book details a host of aspects related to microplastic pollution, including: causes and effects; the impact on different environments; the emerging threat of nanoplastics; detection systems for monitoring areas subject to pollution; the ramifications in regard to other types of pollutants; green approaches for the synthesis of environmentally-friendly polymers; and socio-economic and environmental impact assessment and risk analysis, including in regard to effects on the human food chain. The primary audience for the book are scientists and decision-makers from industries, international, national and local institutions, and NGOs. It offers comprehensive information on the origin of the problem, its impact on marine environments, with particular attention to the Mediterranean Sea and Coasts, and the current research activities and ongoing projects aimed at finding technical solutions to mitigate the phenomenon.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
1 An Experimental Comparison Between FTIR and Raman Microspectroscopy Applied to the Morphological Analysis of Microplastics in Drinking Water
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Experimental
1.2.1 Sampling
1.2.2 Methods
1.3 Results and Discussion
1.3.1 Results
1.3.2 Discussion
1.4 Conclusions
References
2 Small Microplastics (5–100 µm), Additives, and Plasticizers in Mytilus Galloprovincialis, A Potential Bioindicator for Microplastics Pollution
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Experimental
2.2.1 Sampling Sites
2.2.2 Methods
2.3 Results and Discussion
2.4 Conclusions
References
3 Step-By-Step Evaluation of Matrix Effect and Sample Recovery During Pretreatment of Wastewater Samples for the Quali-Quantitation of Microplastics by Py-GC-MS
4 Challenges for Restricting Microplastics in the EU: Urgent Need for Recommendations from Scientists on the Restriction Proposal
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Restriction Procedure Under REACH
4.2.1 Definition of Microplastics: The Lower Size Limit
4.2.2 The Exemption for Biodegradable Plastics
4.3 Discussion
References
5 What Kind of International Legally Binding Instrument on Plastic Pollution Do We Need?
5.1 Introduction
5.2 The Way Forward a New Treaty on Global Plastic Pollution
5.3 Conclusions
References
6 Detection and Characterization of Micro- and Nanoplastic Pollutants: A Case Study of the Adriatic Sea
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Experimental
6.2.1 Water Sampling and Storage
6.2.2 Methods
6.3 Results
6.3.1 Microplastics
6.3.2 Nanoparticles
6.3.3 Heavy Metals
6.4 Discussion
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 Microplastics Determination with μ-Raman: Potential and Practical Aspects
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Experimental
7.2.1 Materials and Methods
7.2.2 Pre-treatments
7.2.3 Filtration
7.2.4 IQC
7.2.5 QA/QC
7.3 Results and Discussion
7.3.1 Pre-treatments
7.3.2 Filtration
7.3.3 IQC
7.3.4 QA/QC
7.4 Conclusions
References
8 Stability of Microplastics: Detection of Potentially Harmful Compounds Produced by Microplastics During Accelerated Aging Studies
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Experimental
8.2.1 Reference Materials and Environmental Samples
8.2.2 Artificial Ageing of Reference Microplastics
8.2.3 Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Conditions (Py-GC-MS)
8.2.4 Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS)
8.2.5 Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS)
8.2.6 Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
8.3 Results and Discussion
8.3.1 Evaluation of the Solvent-Soluble Fraction of Microplastics
8.3.2 Evaluation of the Water-Soluble Fraction of Microplastics
8.3.3 Study of the VOCs Emission from Environmental Microplastics
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Plastic Recycling and Microplastic Emissions
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Experimental
9.2.1 Materials
9.2.2 Methods
9.3 Results and Discussion
9.3.1 Results
9.3.2 Discussion
9.4 Conclusions
References
10 Additives, Plasticizers, and Small Microplastics (5–100 µm) in Wet and Dry Depositions from an Urban Area of Venice, Italy
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Experimental
10.2.1 Sampling and Study Area
10.2.2 Methods
10.2.3 QA/QC
10.3 Results and Discussion
10.4 Conclusions
References
11 Detection of Microplastics in Marine Sediments: Results from Three Italian Coasts
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Experimental
11.2.1 Materials
11.2.2 Methods
11.3 Results and Discussion
11.3.1 Organic Matter Removal
11.3.2 Microplastic Abundance and Characterisation
11.4 Conclusions
References
12 Plastic Litter in SE Spain Beaches: Characterization and Metal Content
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Materials and Methods
12.2.1 Study Area
12.2.2 Plastics Collection
12.2.3 Screening and Classification of Plastics
12.2.4 Polymer and Degradation Status Identification
12.2.5 Determination of Trace Metals by ICP-MS
12.3 Results and Discussion
12.3.1 Plastic Items
12.3.2 Metal Content in Plastics
12.3.3 Metal Content by Plastic Classification Criteria
12.4 Conclusions
References
13 Groundwater: An Endangered Invisible Resource. Microplastic Pollution in Underground Karst Systems, from Surface Watercourses to Cave Waters
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Experimental
13.2.1 Materials
13.2.2 Methods
13.3 Results and Discussion
13.3.1 Results
13.3.2 Discussion
13.4 Conclusions
References
14 Evaluation of the Role of Plastic Aging on the Sorption of Pesticides and Pharmaceutical Substances on Microplastics
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Experimental
14.2.1 Materials
14.2.2 Methods
14.3 Results and Discussion
14.4 Conclusions
References
15 Microplastics: What Can We Learn from Clastic Sediments?
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Particle Properties
15.2.1 Background
15.2.2 Research Goals and Tasks
15.3 Transport Processes
15.3.1 Background
15.3.2 Research Goals and Tasks
15.4 Monitoring Methods
15.4.1 Background
15.4.2 Research Goals and Tasks
15.5 Ecotoxicology
15.5.1 Background
15.5.2 Research Goals and Tasks
15.6 Conclusions
References
16 Environmental Impact of Innovative Microplastics Filtration System for Washing Machines & Marinas
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Case Study Framework
16.3 Results and Discussion
16.4 Conclusions
References
17 Towards a Microplastic-Free Ocean: Green Photocatalysis for Mitigation of Micro- and Nanoplastic Marine Pollution
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Experimental
17.2.1 Photocatalysts Synthesis and Characterization
17.2.2 Film Preparation
17.2.3 Microplastics Obtainment and Characterization
17.2.4 Photocatalytic Experiments
17.3 Results and Discussion
17.3.1 Photocatalysis of Primary PS NPs and MPs
17.3.2 Photocatalysis of Primary PE MPs and Secondary PET MPs
17.4 Conclusions
References
18 Determination of Optimal Conditions for Biodegradation of Polystyrene by Bacteria Bacillus Cereus and Pseudomonas Alcaligenes
18.1 Introduction
18.2 Experimental
18.2.1 Materials
18.2.2 Methods
18.3 Results and Discussion
18.3.1 Results
18.3.2 Discussion
18.4 Conclusions
References
19 Microplastics in Drinking Water: Italian National Working Group and Analytical Methods
19.1 Introduction
19.2 Proceedings of the First Meeting
19.3 Results and Discussion
19.4 Conclusions
References
20 Ecotoxicological Assessment of Alento River Catchment a Focus on Microplastic Impact
20.1 Introduction
20.2 Materials and Methods
20.2.1 Study Area and Sample Collection
20.2.2 Ecotoxicological Bioassays
20.2.3 Microplastic Extraction and Identification
20.2.4 Ecological Risk Assessment
20.3 Results and Discussion
20.3.1 Ecotoxicological Assays
20.3.2 MPs Identification
20.3.3 Ecological Risk Assessment
References
21 Compact Holographic Imaging and Machine Learning for Microfibers Quantification in Laundry Wastewater
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Experimental
21.2.1 Data Acquisition
21.2.2 Data Processing Pipeline
21.3 Results and Discussion
21.4 Conclusions
References
22 Microplastic in Drinking Water: A Pilot Study
22.1 Introduction
22.2 Experimental
22.2.1 Materials
22.2.2 Methods
22.3 Results and Discussion
22.3.1 Results
22.3.2 Discussion
22.4 Conclusions
References
23 Microplastics and Associated Plasticizers: Presence and Detection in Cnidarians Used as Possible Bioindicators for Microplastic Contamination in Marine Environments
23.1 Introduction
23.2 Experimental
23.2.1 Materials
23.2.2 Methods
23.3 Results and Discussion
23.3.1 Results
23.3.2 Discussion
23.4 Conclusions
References
24 Random or not? Comparing Microplastic Ingestion and Preys in Scomber colias and Trachurus trachurus
24.1 Introduction
24.2 Experimental
24.2.1 Quality Assurance and Quality Control
24.2.2 Data and Statistical Analysis
24.3 Results and Discussion
24.4 Conclusions
References
25 May Mesopelagic Fishes Play an Important Role as Vector of Microplastics Across the Mediterranean Trophic Web? A Case of Study in the Strait of Messina
25.1 Introduction
25.2 Experimental
25.2.1 Sample Collection
25.2.2 Isolating Microplastics
25.3 Results and Discussion
25.4 Conclusions
References
26 Microplastic Fiber Content in Mullus barbatus from the Tyrrhenian Sea: Preliminary Results
26.1 Introduction
26.2 Experimental
26.2.1 Materials
26.2.2 Methods
26.3 Results and Discussion
26.3.1 Results
26.3.2 Discussion
26.4 Conclusion
References
27 Temporal Variability of Microplastics and Their Attached Community Along the Campania Coast
27.1 Introduction
27.2 Sampling Technique and Storage
27.2.1 Microplastics Counting and Classification
27.2.2 DNA Extraction, Sequencing and Bioinformatic Analyses
27.3 Results and Discussions: Microplastics Characteristics
27.3.1 Results and Discussions: Plastisphere
27.4 Conclusions
References
28 The Vertical Distribution of Riverine Microplastics: The Role of Turbulence
28.1 Introduction
28.2 Methods
28.2.1 Physical Modelling
28.2.2 Numerical Modelling
28.3 Anticipated Outcomes
References
29 Degradation of Biodegradable Plastic in Marine Environment
29.1 Introduction
29.2 Experimental
29.2.1 Materials
29.2.2 Methods
29.2.3 Analytical Technique
29.3 Results and Discussion
29.3.1 Results
29.3.2 Discussion
29.4 Conclusions
References
30 Resin Pellets Aging and Degradation Investigation from Long Term in Situ Experiment: First Results
30.1 Introduction
30.2 Experimental
30.2.1 Materials
30.2.2 Methods
30.3 Results and Discussion
30.3.1 Results
30.3.2 Discussion
30.4 Conclusions
References
31 Quantification of Polyethylene in Mussel Hemolymph and Its Limited Additive Effect on Immune Function Induced by Bezafibrate
31.1 Introduction
31.2 Experimental
31.2.1 Materials
31.2.2 Methods
31.3 Results and Discussion
31.3.1 Results
31.3.2 Discussion
31.4 Conclusions
References
32 Mechanical Recycling of Polyethylene-Rich Plastic Fraction Recovered from Marine Environment to Mitigate Plastic and Microplastic Pollution
32.1 Introduction
32.2 Materials and Methods
32.2.1 Materials
32.2.2 Processing of PE-rf-Based Materials
32.2.3 Techniques
32.3 Results and Discussion
32.3.1 Preliminary Analysis of PE-rf Composition
32.3.2 Mechanical Testing
32.3.3 Morphological Analysis
32.4 Conclusions
References
33 Does Calibration with Pristine PET Allow the Identification and Quantification of Aged PET Microplastic Particles by DSC?
33.1 Introduction
33.2 Experimental
33.2.1 Materials
33.2.2 Methods
33.3 Results and Discussion
33.3.1 Results
33.3.2 Discussion
33.4 Conclusions
References
34 Mitigation Effect of Detergent on Microfiber Release
34.1 Introduction
34.2 Experimental
34.2.1 Materials
34.2.2 Methods
34.3 Results and Discussion
34.4 Conclusions
References: