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tages o f l a r g e (85 nm) and small (55 nm) dense cored v e s i c l e s which release t h e i r contents by exocytosis. To t e s t the hypothesis t h a t the r a t i o o f leu-enkephalin t o noradrenaline (NA) r e f l e c t s t h e percentage o f l a r g e dense cored vesicles, vasa d e f e r e n t i a from several species were i n v e s t i g a t e d by u l t r a s t r u c t u r a l examinat i o n and chemical analysis. Immunofl uorescent and immunogold methods were used t o i d e n t i f y primary antibodies against leu-enkephalin. The data i n d i c a t e an increase i n leu-enkephalin p e r t i s s u e weight from the smaller t o the l a r g e r species, High l e v e l s o f enkephalin i n the b u l l and c a t r e f l e c t a r i c h i n n e r v a t i o n as w e l l as a h i g h number o f LDV's. Gold-label occurred over the l a r g e v e s i c l e s only. Low o p i o i d l e v e l s i n rodents r e f l e c t t h e i r low number LDV. The guinea p i g vas, which has an extensive innervat i o n , had a h i g h NA content ( s t o r e d i n small v e s i c l e s ) w h i l e the dog had low NA due t o i t s sparse noradrenergic innervation. The r e s u l t s support the hypothesis t h a t the r a t i o o f l e uenkephalin r e f l e c t s t h e percentage o f l a r g e dense cored v e s i c l e s i n t h e vas deferens.
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