Presenting a comprehensive account of oscillator phase noise and frequency stability, this practical text is both mathematically rigorous and accessible. An in-depth treatment of the noise mechanism is given, describing the oscillator as a physical system, and showing that simple general laws govern the stability of a large variety of oscillators differing in technology and frequency range. Inevitably, special attention is given to amplifiers, resonators, delay lines, feedback, and flicker (1/f) noise. The reverse engineering of oscillators based on phase-noise spectra is also covered, and end-of-chapter exercises are given. Uniquely, numerous practical examples are presented, including case studies taken from laboratory prototypes and commercial oscillators, which allow the oscillator internal design to be understood by analyzing its phase-noise spectrum. Based on tutorials given by the author at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, international IEEE meetings, and in industry, this is a useful reference for academic researchers, industry practitioners, and graduate students in RF engineering and communications engineering State-space methods form the basis of modern control theory. This textbook is devoted to a description of these methods in the analysis of linear multiple-input, multiple-output dynamics systems. Throughout, continuous-time and discrete-time systems are treated in parallel, as are time-varying and classical time-invariant systems, thereby highlighting their similarities and differences.Following a chapter, which sets out the basic concepts and definitions, state equations of finite dimensional systems and their solutions, are discussed in detail. The principles of time-domain and frequency-domain analysis are then presented, as are the properties and applications of the Z-transformation. One chapter deals with the controllability and observability of linear systems and a separate chapter discusses stability. A useful tutorial review of the key results from matrix theory and linear algebra is given in the Appendix.In addition to illustrative examples, which are worked out in detail, numerous problems are available at the end of each chapter. The book will be of great value to graduate students of aeronautical, electrical, and mechanical engineering, or anyone who wants to acquire a solid background in the fundamentals of linear systems and modern control systems. Read more... 1. Basic concepts, terms, and definitions -- 2. State equations of finite dimensional linear systems -- 3. Principles of time-domain analysis -- 4. Solution of the dynamic state equations -- 5. Frequency-domain analysis for fixed analog systems: application of the Laplace transform -- 6. The Z-transformation of discrete-time signals -- 7. Frequency-domain analysis of discrete systems and application of Z-transforms -- 8. Controllability and observability of linear systems -- 9. Stability of linear systems -- Appendix. Review of matrix theory