Content: Introduction to Hazardous Materials Hazard Defined Ancient Hazards The Industrial Age The Recent Past Toxicology and Health Effects of Hazardous Materials Introduction Routes of Exposure Body Response to Toxic Chemicals Varieties of Toxic and Hazardous Effects Specific Contaminant Effects Dose-Response Relationships Allowable Exposure Limits Time Effects and Sensitivities Sources of Health Effects Information Risks and Risk Assessment Introduction Types of Risks The Risk Assessment Process Uncertainties in Risk Assessments California Approaches Criteria for Health Impact and Acceptable Risks Screening Level Calculations Risk Management Air Pollution and Air Toxics Introduction Classifications and Sources Direct Evaporative Emissions Fugitive Emissions Waste-Related Air Toxic Emissions Treatment-Related Emissions Regulatory Approaches Hazardous Air Emission Trends Soils and Groundwater Introduction Principles of Hydrogeology Groundwater Movement Contamination in Groundwater Mitigation and Treatment Treatment Approaches Biological Treatment Methods Physical Treatment Methods Chemical Treatment Methods Combination Systems Natural Methods and Attenuation Transportation of Hazardous Materials Introduction Laws Involved in Hazardous Materials Transportation Hazardous Waste Transportation Regulations Key Elements Practical Aspects of Hazardous Materials Transportation Trends in Transportation Incidents Management of Hazardous Materials Introduction Proactive Hazardous Materials Management General Considerations A Specific Management Approach: The Aerospace Industry Hazardous Materials Planning for the Future Proactive Emergency Planning Waste Characterization and Analytical Methods Introduction Representative Sampling EPA Reference Methods Sampling and Handling Units of Measurement and Physical and Chemical Properties Fundamentals of Chemistry for Sample Analysis Matrices and Detection Limits Analytical Methods and Techniques Waste Treatment and Disposal Introduction Materials Recovery Basic Treatment Principles Treatment Classes Ultimate Residuals Management Appendix A: Federal Regulatory Approaches Appendix B: California Approaches Appendix C: Hazardous Materials Definitions