Prevalence of antibodies to human caliciviruses (HuCVs) in Kuwait established by ELISA using baculovirus-expressed capsid antigens representing two genogroups of HuCVs
✍ Scribed by Dimitrov, Dimitre H.; Dashti, Suhaila A. H.; Ball, Judith M.; Bishbishi, Eiman; Alsaeid, Khalid; Jiang, Xi; Estes, Mary K.
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1997
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 36 KB
- Volume
- 51
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0146-6615
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✦ Synopsis
Baculovirus recombinant-expressed antigens of was first identified in stool filtrates of affected people during an outbreak of gastroenteritis in Norwalk, Ohio, Norwalk viruses (rNV) and a Mexico strain (rMX) of the Snow Mountain serogroup of human cali-over 20 years ago . Previous studies estimated that at least 42% of outbreaks of nonbacte-civiruses (HuCVs) were used in enzyme immunoassays to study the antibody prevalence among rial gastroenteritis in the United States are caused by Norwalk and Norwalk-like viruses , the Kuwaiti population and foreign workers employed in Kuwait. The antibody titers in 16 differ-and these viruses are widely recognized agents of outbreaks of food-borne and waterborne viral gastroenteri-ent age groups which ranged from neonates to centenarians were investigated by testing eight tis [CDC, 1990; Hedberg and Osterholm, 1993; Herwaldt et al., 1994]. different dilutions of each serum (1:200-1:25,600). The results indicate that NV infection is All attempts to propagate the virus in cell culture have been unsuccessful, and consequently only a lim-widespread in Kuwait and affects all age groups. Ninety-eight percent of the 433 serum samples ited number of researchers have been able to develop diagnostic Norwalk assays using finite viral material tested had antibodies to rNV. In the 50-79-yearold age group, the antibody levels to rNV were from experimentally infected volunteers. The recent cloning and expression of NV-specific cDNA in insect higher and significantly different from those in children 0-7 years old. In infants, the rNV anti-cells infected with a baculovirus recombinant containing the viral capsid gene [Jiang et al., , 1993] bodies did not diminish by 4 months of age and their titer steadily increased with age. When 414 have made available high yields of immunologically reactive recombinant Norwalk virus-like particles (rNV of these sera samples were tested for antibodies to rMX, 96% positive serological responses were VLPs). These VLPs are composed of a single capsid protein which spontaneously self assembles [Jiang et observed. Antibody titers to rMX were reduced in infants from 4 to 11 months; however, 95% of al., 1992]. A second antigenically distinct virus from Mexico (MX virus) that is Snow Mountain (SM)-like the samples were positive. These data indicate that children born in Kuwait are infected with was cloned, expressed in a baculovirus expression system, and spontaneously folded into VLPs [Jiang et al., Norwalk-like viruses at a very early age. Finally, antibodies to rNV and rMX were found in 98% 1995a]. Similar to the rNV particles, the rMX VLPs were shown to be immunologically reactive by ELISA of 151 and in 95% of 148 foreign workers, respectively.