Aims: We randomly sampled a community-based, healthy population to evaluate the prevalence and associated risk factors of overactive bladder (OAB) syndrome by using the International Continence Society (ICS) deΒ’nition. Methods: We randomly sampled 6,066 women (3.0% of registered female residents aged 20 years and older in Fuzhou) and mailed Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms questionnaire for women self-completion. Women (4,684; 77.2%) with evaluable data were included in this study. Results: The prevalence of OAB was 8.0% (n ΒΌ 377), OAB dry 2.4% (n ΒΌ 114), and OAB wet 5.6% (n ΒΌ 263), hence 30% had OAB dry and 70% OAB wet. The prevalence of OAB and OAB wet demonstrated an signiΒ’cant increasing with advancing age (P < 0.01). A multiple logistic regression analysis showed menopause, parity >2, constipation, episiotomy, and higher BMI were potential risk factors for OAB, constipation increased the occurrence of OAB dry . OAB wet was associated with menopause, parity >2, higher fetal birthweight, episiotomy, while cesarean delivery protected against the development of OAB wet . Conclusions: The prevalence of OAB in chinese women is lower than that of most reports in Occidental women, and increases with advancing age. Many potential risk factors increase the occurrence of OAB.