Co-infection of parvovirus B19 with hepatitis B virus has been found in patients with acute and chronic hepatitis. The clinical significance of parvovirus B19 in hepatitis B co-infected patients is still controversial. In this study parvovirus B19 antibodies and DNA were investigated in serum samples from 76 patients with HBV infection, 17 with HBV/HCV co-infection and 44 healthy controls. In the sera from patients with HBV infection, anti-B19V IgM and IgG antibodies were detected in 24/76 (32%) and 25/76 (33%), in 6/17 (35%) and 8/17 (47%) of HBV/HCV co-infected patients, and in 14/44 (32%) and 12/44 (12%) of a non-hepatitis healthy controls, respectively. B19V DNA was detected in 8/76 (11%) of patients with HBV infection and in 3/17 (18%) of patients with a HBV/HCV co-infection, and in 4/44 (9%) healthy controls. The occurrence of parvovirus B19 DNA was significantly higher in patients with symptomatic HBV 4/20 (20%) compared to asymptomatic HBV carrier 4/56 (7%) (P < 0.05). Ten of the positive B19V DNA sequences belonged to B19V genotype 1 while two belonged to genotype 3. The results of this study showed a significant difference in the prevalence of parvovirus B19 DNA in symptomatic HBsAg positive as compared to asymptomatic HBsAg positive individuals; however, the conclusion that parvovirus B19 infection increased the frequency of liver disease was not supported. Long-term longitudinal studies are, however, required to determine the synergistic effect of parvovirus B19 infection in HBV or HBV and HCV co-infected persons.