It is well known that Cu-Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite materials have high potential for use in structural applications in which enhanced mechanical characteristics are required. Therefore, the present work is intended to produce nano-sized powder of Cu-Al 2 O 3 nanocomposites, with various alumina contents, and to investigate their properties. Mechanochemical method with two different routes, were used to synthesize the Cu-Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite powders. First, route-A was carried out by addition of Cu to aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate, and second, route-B was also carried out by addition of Cu to aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate and ammonium hydroxide. In both routes, the mixtures were heated in air and milled mechanically to get the oxides powders of CuO and Al 2 O 3 . The CuO was reduced in preferential hydrogen atmosphere into fine copper. The composite powders have been cold pressed into briquettes and sintered in hydrogen atmosphere. The structure and characteristics of powders as well as sintered composites produced from both routes were examined by XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM and metallography techniques. The density, microhardness and abrasive wear behavior of Cu-Al 2 O 3 nanocomposite were investigated. The results showed that, in both routes, the alumina of nano-sized particles was formed and dispersed within the copper matrix. The structure revealed the formation of copper aluminate (CuAlO 2 ) structure at copper alumina interface. Nanocomposites produced by route-B showed finer alumina particles of 30 nm compared to 50 nm produced by route-A resulting in improving properties in terms of density, microhardness and abrasive wear resistance.