Precautionary principle, pluralism and deliberation: sciences and ethics

✍ Scribed by Reber, Bernard

• Publisher: John Wiley & Sons Inc;Wiley-ISTE
• Year: 2017;2016
• Tongue: English
• Series: Responsible research and innovation set 4
• Category: Library

✦ Table of Contents

Preface ix Acknowledgments xv Introduction xvii Part 1. Pluralism between Ethics and Politics in the Context of Prevention 1 Introduction to Part 1 3 Chapter 1. Burdens of Judgment and Ethical Pluralism of Values 11 1.1. The burdens of judgment at the root of the fact of reasonable pluralism 13 1.2. Burdens of judgment: a critique 17 1.2.1. Burdens of judgment: a starting point, not an obstacle 17 1.2.2. The variable geometry of pluralisms 22 1.3. Ethical pluralism of values, from relativism to monism 26 1.4. Relativisms and commitments 32 1.4.1. Three types of relativism 32 1.4.2. Commitments in response to values 33 1.5. Opposing monism: conditionality, incompatibility and incommensurability of values 36 1.6. Conclusion: decompartmentalizing conflicts of values 38 Chapter 2. Ethical Pluralism of Ethical Theories at the Heart of Evaluation 43 2.1. Ordinary morality, anti-theory and skepticism 44 2.2. What is an ethical theory? 47 2.3. Main ethical theories 50 2.4. Pluralism in practical reasoning 55 2.4.1. Formal practical reasoning 56 2.4.2. Substantial practical reasoning 58 2.5. Interactions between normative factors and foundational normative theories 60 2.6. Conclusion: conflicts and deliberation in the context of ethical theories 64 Chapter 3. Deliberative Democracy Put to the Test of Ethical Pluralism 71 3.1. Participatory exposure 72 3.2. Rawls and Habermas: opposing views in support of deliberation 74 3.2.1. Rawls: restricted ethics 75 3.2.2. Habermas: reliance on undefined arguments 77 3.3. Deliberating in a democracy 80 3.4. Desperately seeking arguments 85 3.5. Conclusion: pluralism of moral and political philosophers 88 Conclusion to Part 1: Mapping the Should-be of the Public Sphere 95 Part 2. Ethical and Political Pluralism in a Context of Precaution 105 Introduction to Part 2 107 Chapter 4. Deciding on, and in, Uncertainty Using the Precautionary Meta-principle 113 4.1. Careless criticisms of the precautionary principle 116 4.2. Precautionary principle: components and trigger factors 122 4.3. To act, or not to act 126 4.4. Clashing scenarios and grammars of the future 129 4.5. Typology of political decisions in the context of uncertainty 132 4.6. Conclusion: the deliberative as genre for uncertain futures 135 Chapter 5. Between Sciences and Ethics: A New Quarrel of Faculties? 143 5.1. Scientists between attachment and independence 144 5.2. Politics of nature 152 5.3. The prominent role of values in paradigm changes 160 5.4. Relationships between scientific facts, epistemic values and ethical values 162 5.5. Conclusion: a Republic of Letters dealing with facts and values 165 Chapter 6. Co-argumentation in a Context of Disciplinary Pluralism 173 6.1. Epistemic pluralism and competitive positions 177 6.2. Tensions and cooperation due to pluralism internal and external to disciplines 180 6.3. Types of argumentation and dialogue 184 6.4. Co-dependence between ethical argumentation and scientific investigation 191 6.5. Confrontation of hypotheses 194 6.6. Conclusion: structuring of inter- and intra-disciplinary pluralisms thanks to the precautionary meta-principle 200 Conclusion 207 Bibliography 225 Index 245

✦ Subjects

Ethik;Pluralismus;Wissenschaftsethik