Practicum and Internship Experiences in Counseling

✍ Scribed by Bradley T. Erford

• Publisher: Routledge
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 338
• Edition: 1
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This ready-to-use resource provides the practical information and hands-on skills interns and practicum students need to successfully complete their clinical experiences and join the counseling profession with confidence.

Designed to accompany students as they advance through practicum and internship, Practicum and Internship Experiences in Counseling helps bridge the gap from theory to practice. It covers the day-to-day elements of practice in agencies and schools that are often missing from the theory-based courses. Chapters are packed with case examples, activities, voices from the field, and self-assessments, including tools for assessing and addressing ethnocentrism, intersectionality, and bias in counseling practice.

This resource orients clinical students to the field, while providing them with the day-to-day skills they need to thrive.

Special focus on:

• Expectations and how to get the most out of the supervision process.

• Assessment and intervention with clients in danger and crisis.

• Wellness and developing healthy work and personal habits to carry through one’s entire career.

Readers see clearly how to:

• Apply the laws and ethics in everyday clinical practice.

• Work with special issues (neuropsych and psychopharmacology) and populations.

• Market and position oneself in the job market, with an eye toward growing/marketing a counseling practice after graduation.

Included in each chapter:

• Several self-assessment activities encouraging self-reflection and self-assessment on the concepts of the chapter.

• Voices from the field features providing firsthand, in-the-trenches perspectives from counselors who have "been there and done that."

• Realistic case examples challenging readers to apply knowledge and skills to realistic cases they are likely to encounter in the field.

Included are separate chapters on:

• Relationship building.

• Goal setting.

• Record keeping.

• The integration of theory into practice.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Table of Contents
Preface and Acknowledgments
About the Editor
List of Contributors
1 Matching Goals, Developing Skills, and the First Impression
Preview
Beginning Your Field Experience
Differentiating Between the Goals and Objectives of Practicum and Internship
Practicum
Internship
Working With a Multidisciplinary Team
Intake Session/Interview
Reviewing Informed Consent
Confidentiality
What to Do With Parents and Guardians in the Initial Session
Gathering Information and Client History
Psychosocial History
Mental Status Exam
Diagnosis
Treatment Planning
Developing a Treatment Plan
Identifying the Problem
Defining the Problem
Developing Goals
Developing Objectives
Selecting Interventions
Diagnosis
An Example Treatment Plan
Summary
2 The Supervision Process
Preview
Your Roles as a Counselor and a Supervisee: Where the Student and Professional Align
Your Role as a Counseling Practicum Student and Intern
On-Site Supervision and Your Site Supervisor’s Role
University Supervision and What You Can Expect
Developing Positive Relationships With Your Supervisors
Developing Learning Goals with Your Supervisors
Supervision Versus Counseling
Barriers to Effective Supervision
Learning From Different Philosophies and Theoretical Orientations: Growing and Changing
Making Case Presentations
Summary
3 Integrating Theory Into Practice
Preview
The Significance of Theory
Ethics of Applying Counseling Theory
What Makes a Good Theory?
Theoretical Paradigms
Psychodynamic Paradigm
Humanistic-Existential Paradigm
Behavioral/Cognitive-Behavioral Paradigm
Systems Paradigm
Postmodern Theories
Integrating Theory Into Practice
View of Human Nature
Goals of Counseling
Role of the Professional Counselor
Techniques and Approaches
Flexibility
Theoretical Integration
Integrative Versus Eclectic Counseling
Why an Integrative Approach?
Summary
4 Record Keeping: What to Include and What to Leave Out
Preview
The Importance of Record Keeping
How to Keep Case Notes
Process Notes
Standard Format
SOAP Notes
Time-Sequenced Notes
The Line Between Too Much and Not Enough Information
Instances Where Detail Is Necessary
We Are What We Write: The Importance of Professional Written Communication as Keys to Effective Writing
Progress Notes and Supervision
Tips to Avoid Record Keeping Problems
When Clients Request Their Records
Summary
5 Putting Ethics and Law Into Practice
Preview
Ethical Standards and Laws
Ethics in Clinical Practice
American Counseling Association Code of Ethics
AMHCA Code of Ethics
Codes of Ethics From Marriage, Couple, and Family Counseling Organizations
The American School Counselor Association (ASCA) Ethical Standards for School Counselors
Making Ethical Decisions
Common Ethical Dilemmas for Beginning Counselors
Professional Competence
Misrepresentation
Pressure to “Upcode”
“Can I Be Sued?” and “What Is Malpractice?”
Subpoenas
Confidentiality
Limits to Confidentiality
Confidentiality and Privileged Communication
Minor Consent Laws
Records and Personal Notes
Educational Records
Personal Notes
The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of
Child Abuse and Neglect
Custody Issues*
Harm to Self and Others
Summary
6 Special Populations and Issues
Preview
Special Populations and Issues
Child Maltreatment
Children With Learning Disabilities or Giftedness
Intellectual Disability
Giftedness
Nonsuicidal Self-Injury
Intimate Partner Violence
Substance Abuse
Older Adults and the Terminally Ill
Military Populations
Counseling Military Service Members and Veterans
Treatment Considerations and Issues
Evidence-Based Treatments
Counseling Mandated and Unmotivated Clients
Low Motivation and Non-Compliance
Legal Offenders
Court-Ordered Counseling
Transference and Countertransference
Transference
Countertransference
Summary
7 Applying Multicultural Counseling
Preview
Developing Cultural Sensitivity: Historical and Current Contexts
Historical Context
Current Social, Political, and Economic Contexts
Application: How Contexts Help and Hinder Development of Cultural Sensitivity
The Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies: Attitudes and Beliefs, Knowledge, and Skills
Applying the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies
Confronting Oneself: Self-Awareness, Overcoming Bias, and Working With Differences
Expanding Our Notion of Self-Awareness
Overcoming Biases
Working With Differences
Application: Self-Awareness, Overcoming Bias, and Working With Differences
Counseling Diverse Clients From a Strengths-Based Perspective
Social Capital as a Framework for Strengths-Based Perspectives
Eliciting Client Strengths Through Strengths-Based Counseling
Application: Counseling From a Strengths-Based Perspective
Summary
8 Assessing and Intervening With Clients in Danger and Crisis
Preview
The Importance of Training in Risk Assessment and Suicide and Crisis Prevention
Assessing Client Suicide Risk
Risk Factors, Warning Signs, and Protective Factors
Evidence-Based Suicide Risk Assessment
Assessment Instruments
Determining Risk Level
Some Best and Not So Best Practices
Interventions With Suicide
Documentation of Assessment and Intervention Efforts
Duty to Warn
Homicidal Clients
Assessment of Homicide Risk
Media Influence
School Violence
Workplace Violence
Intimate Partner Violence
Assessing Your Views
Counselor Safety Plan
Threat Level Assessment
Homicide Survivors
Legal and Ethical Concerns
Disaster: Large-Scale Shock
Disaster Response Phases
Survivor Responses
Safety Issues
Intervention Approaches
Training Programs
Disaster Legal and Ethical Issues
Death Notification
Termination
Wellness
Large-Scale Shock, Disasters, and Cultural Considerations
Summary
9 Practicing Professional Responsibility
Preview
What Does It Mean to Practice Responsibly?
The Counselor Is Responsible To
Counselors Are Responsible for Being
How Do Counselors Know If They Are Practicing Responsibly?
Responsibility Is Revealed in Professional Dispositions
Assessment of Professional Dispositions
Summary
10 Wrapping It Up
Preview
Termination
Termination of Supervisory Relationships
Termination of Counseling Relationships
Meta-Learning: Learning From What You’ve Learned
Summary
11 Other Pertinent Issues in Counseling Practice
Preview
A Day in the Life of a Counselor
The Role of the Counselor
Consultation
Career Guidance
Academic Advising
Advocacy in Counseling
Psychopharmacology
Frontal Lobe
Parietal Lobe
Occipital Lobe
Temporal Lobe
Limbic System
Endocrine System
Neurons and Synapses
Psychological, Educational, and Vocation Assessment
The “Business” of Counseling: Third-Party Payers
Summary
12 Counselor Self-Care
Preview
Stress and the Helping Professions
Our Obligation to Help Ourselves
Helpful Models for Understanding Stress
Identifying Personal Stressors
Coping With Personal Stressors—Dimensions of Health and Intervention
Counselor Self-Care
Recognizing and Avoiding Burnout
Vicarious Trauma, Compassion Fatigue, and Secondary Trauma
Common Sources of Stress for the Beginning Counselor
Lack of Delegating
Difficulty With Boundaries
Inability to Compartmentalize
Role Confusion
Being All Things to All People
Feelings of Incompetence
Personal Counseling
Summary
13 From Envisioning to Actualization: Marketing Yourself in the 21st Century
Preview
From Envisioning to Actualization: Marketing Yourself in the 21st Century
Temet Nosce
Select Strengths
Examine Values, Biases, and Beliefs
Live With Limitations
Formulate Your Counseling Approach
Understanding the Field Around You
Using Networking Opportunities and Embracing Mentorship
Securing a Job the Old-Fashioned Way
Preparing a Curriculum Vita or Resume
Using Your Resume or CV
Cover Letters
The Job Search
Landing the Interview and Following Up
Carving Out Your New-Age Niche
Reaching Out with Social Networking
Selling Yourself on the Virtual Job Market
Building a Professional Website
Virtual Liabilities
The Advantages of Continued Learning
Keep Up to Date
Become an Expert
Summary
References
Index