Practical Temperature Measurement

✍ Scribed by Peter Childs

• Year: 2001
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 385
• Edition: 1st
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

'Practical Temperature Measurement' introduces the concepts of temperature and its measurement to engineers, physicists and chemists of all disciplines. The author describes the wide range of techniques and specific devices available for temperature measurement and provides guidance for the selection of a particular method for a given application. It is of value to engineering and physics postgraduates studying modules on instrumentation and process control and, in addition, for practical project work requiring an understanding of temperature measurement methods. For postgraduates and industrialists faced with the task of selecting a particular measurement method or sensor for an experiment, product or process, this text provides both thorough descriptions of the various techniques, as well as guidance for their selection. Essential for all those who need to measure temperature in real-life situationsIncludes worked examples of real situations commonly found in industry

✦ Table of Contents

Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 10
1.1 Definition of temperature......Page 14
1.2 Temperature scales......Page 16
1.4 Conclusions......Page 27
Nomenclature......Page 28
2.1 The measurement process......Page 29
2.2 Heat transfer......Page 31
2.3 Calibration and traceability......Page 52
2.4 Data manipulation......Page 54
2.5 Uncertainty......Page 67
2.6 Conclusions......Page 78
References......Page 79
Nomenclature......Page 80
3.1 Introduction......Page 82
3.2 Bimetallic strip modelling......Page 83
3.3 Standard materials......Page 85
3.4 Bimetallic thermometer construction......Page 87
References......Page 89
Nomenclature......Page 90
4.1 Introduction......Page 91
4.2 Error sources......Page 97
4.3 Calibration......Page 103
4.4 Special types......Page 106
References......Page 108
Nomenclature......Page 110
5.1 Introduction......Page 111
5.2 Thermocouple analysis......Page 113
5.3 Thermocouple types......Page 120
5.4 Thermocouple assemblies and installation......Page 133
5.5 EMF measurement......Page 140
5.6 Grounding and noise......Page 142
5.7 Calibration......Page 144
5.8 Troubleshooting/thermocouple diagnostics......Page 148
5.9 Selection......Page 150
References......Page 155
Nomenclature......Page 157
6.1 Introduction......Page 158
6.2 Platinum resistance thermometers......Page 159
6.3 Copper and nickel resistance thermometers......Page 185
6.5 Thermistors......Page 186
6.6 Semiconductor devices......Page 196
6.7 Selection......Page 200
References......Page 202
Nomenclature......Page 206
7.2 Gas thermometry......Page 207
7.3 Vapour pressure thermometry......Page 216
7.4 Conclusions......Page 218
References......Page 219
Nomenclature......Page 220
8.1 Introduction......Page 222
8.2 Paints......Page 223
8.3 Temperature-sensitive crayons, pellets and labels......Page 234
8.4 Pyrometric cones, thermoscope bars and Bullers rings......Page 241
References......Page 247
Nomenclature......Page 250
9.1 Introduction......Page 251
9.2 Fundamentals of thermal radiation......Page 252
9.3 Detector classification......Page 261
9.4 Spectral band thermometers......Page 262
9.5 Total radiation thermometers......Page 282
9.6 Ratio/dual-wavelength/two-colour thermometers......Page 287
9.7 Fibre-optic thermometers......Page 288
9.8 Thermal imaging......Page 289
9.9 Calibration......Page 294
References......Page 298
Nomenclature......Page 300
10.2 Refractive index methods......Page 302
10.3 Absorption and emission spectroscopy......Page 306
10.5 Spontaneous Rayleigh and Raman scattering......Page 307
10.6 Coherent anti-Stokes–Raman scattering (CARS)......Page 310
10.7 Degenerative four wave mixing (DFWM)......Page 311
10.8 Laser-induced fluorescence......Page 312
10.9 Acoustic thermography......Page 313
References......Page 314
Nomenclature......Page 317
11.1 Introduction......Page 318
11.2 Applications......Page 327
11.3 Selection overview......Page 330
References......Page 335
Nomenclature......Page 336
12.1 Introduction......Page 337
12.2 Thermal disruption......Page 338
12.3 Differential temperature heat flux measurement techniques......Page 342
12.4 Calorimetric heat flux measurement techniques......Page 351
12.5 Energy supply or removal heat flux measurement techniques......Page 362
12.6 The mass transfer analogy......Page 363
12.8 Conclusions......Page 366
References......Page 369
Nomenclature......Page 373
Index......Page 376