Preface
Content
1 Physiology
1.1 The mature placenta
1.1.1 Structure, function
1.1.2 The placenta as an endocrine organ: hCG, hPL, progesterone, and estrogen
1.2 Amniotic fluid, liquor amnii
1.3 Embryonic and fetal development
1.4 The maternal organism
2 Diagnosis of pregnancy
2.1 Early pregnancy
2.2 Diagnosis of late pregnancy
3 Prenatal care
3.1 Prenatal checkup
3.1.1 History
3.1.2 Obstetric examination
3.1.3 General examination
3.1.4 Examination of the woman at risk
3.1.5 Prenatal diagnosis of genetic defects
3.2 Antenatal counseling
3.2.1 Lifestyle
3.2.2 Common pregnancy complaints
4 Maternal disorders in pregnancy
4.1 Pregnancy-specific disorders
4.1.1 Hyperemesis gravidarum
4.1.2 Cholestasis
4.1.3 Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), preeclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome
4.1.4 Dermatoses of pregnancy
4.2 Disorders not specific to pregnancy
4.2.1 Cardiac disease
4.2.2 Pulmonary tuberculosis
4.2.3 Pyelonephritis in pregnancy
4.2.4 Diabetes mellitus
4.2.5 Thrombophilia
4.2.6 Thyroid disorders
4.2.7 Acute abdomen
4.2.8 Adnexal tumors
4.2.9 Cervical cytology
5 Problems in the second half of pregnancy
5.1 Preterm birth (PTB)
5.2 Premature rupture of membranes; chorioamnionitis
5.3 Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
5.4 Postterm pregnancy
5.5 Stillbirth
6 Disorders of the fetus
6.1 Hemolytic disease
6.2 Fetal alloimmune thrombocytopenia
6.3 Prenatal infections
6.3.1 Prenatal rubella infection, congenital rubella syndrome
6.3.2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
6.3.3 Varicella-zoster-virus (VZV)
6.3.4 Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
6.3.5 Virus hepatitis
6.3.6 Parvovirus B19
6.3.7 AIDS, HIV seropositivity
6.3.8 Pregnancy and neonatal listeriosis
6.3.9 Toxoplasmosis
6.3.10 Syphilis
6.3.11 Gonorrhea
6.3.12 Vaccination in pregnancy
6.4 Malformations
6.4.1 Hydrocephalus
7 Normal labor
7.1 Birth factors
7.1.1 Fetus
7.1.2 Birth route
7.1.3 Force of labor, contractions
7.2 Mechanism of labor
7.2.1 Signs, onset of labor, preparation for labor
7.2.2 History taking, examination, spontaneous vaginal delivery
7.2.3 Passage of the head through the birth canal
7.2.4 Station. Level of the head in the pelvis
7.3 Examination of the fetus during labor
7.3.1 Auscultation, amniotic fluid color
7.3.2 Cardiotocography (CTG), electronic fetal monitoring (EFM)
7.3.3 Fetal blood sampling (FBS)
7.4 Management of labor
7.4.1 Management of first stage
7.4.2 Management of second stage
7.5 Management of third stage
7.6 Postplacental period
7.7 Duration of labor
8 Pathological labor
8.1 Malpresentations and malpositions of the occiput
8.1.1 Persistent occipitotransverse position (POT)
8.1.2 High anteroposterior head
8.1.3 Occipitoposterior position
8.1.4 Extended presentations
8.2 Breech presentation
8.2.1 Classification, diagnosis, differential diagnosis
8.2.2 Mechanism of labor
8.2.3 Antenatal counseling
8.2.4 Mode and management of delivery
8.3 Transverse lie/shoulder presentation
8.3.1 Course of labor in transverse lie
8.3.2 Management of transverse lie
8.4 Multifetal gestations
8.4.1 Antenatal care
8.4.2 Birth complications, mode
8.5 Pathological contractions, uterine dystocia
8.6 Arrested labor
8.7 Cervical priming and induction of labor
8.8 Intrauterine (perinatal) hypoxia
8.9 Cord complications: presentation, prolapse
8.9.1 Cord presentation
8.9.2 Cord prolapse
8.10 Arm complications: Compound presentation, arm presentation, prolapse
8.11 Shoulder dystocia
8.12 Cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD)
8.12.1 Generally contracted pelvis
8.12.2 Funnel-shaped pelvis
8.12.3 Long pelvis
8.13 Uterine rupture
8.14 Management of birth after prior cesarean section
8.15 Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE)
9 Obstetrical operations
9.1 Indication
9.2 Preparation for the operation
9.3 Episiotomy, perineotomy
9.4 Laceration of the vagina, perineum, clitoris, labia
9.5 Forceps operation
9.6 Vacuum extraction, ventouse extraction (VE)
9.7 Cesarean section
9.8 Combined version
9.8.1 Version from transverse lie
9.8.2 Version from cephalic presentation
9.9 Dismembering operations: perforation, cranioclasm
10 Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage
10.1 Miscarriage, spontaneous abortion
10.1.1 Induced abortion
10.1.2 Spontaneous abortion
10.2 Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD)
10.3 Ectopic pregnancy
10.4 Placenta previa
10.5 Placental abruption
10.6 Velamentous insertion
10.7 Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH)
10.7.1 Separation hemorrhage, atonic PPH
10.7.2 Hemorrhage from a laceration
11 Normal puerperium
11.1 Process of involution
11.1.1 Position and attitude of the uterus in the puerperium
11.1.2 Closure of the cervix
11.1.3 Fundal height in the first days postpartum
11.2 Wound-healing processes in the puerperium
11.2.1 Lochia
11.3 Lactation
11.4 Resumption of ovarian function
11.5 Clinical picture of the puerperal period
11.5.1 The postpartum pulse
11.5.2 Temperature postpartum
11.5.3 Monitoring fundal height
11.5.4 Monitoring lochia
11.5.5 Micturition in early puerperium
11.5.6 Bowel movements
11.5.7 Postpartum exercises
11.5.8 Ambulation postpartum โ early ambulation
11.5.9 Discharge from hospital and the end of the clinical puerperium
11.5.10 Breastfeeding
12 Pathological puerperium
12.1 Puerperal fever = childbed fever
12.1.1 Localized puerperal infections
12.1.2 Disseminated puerperal infection
12.2 Hemorrhage in the puerperal period
12.2.1 Retained placental tissue and placental polyp
12.2.2 Puerperal endometritis
12.2.3 Functional hemorrhage in the puerperium
12.2.4 Bleeding from birth traumas in the puerperium
12.3 Injury to the symphysis pubis
12.4 Mastitis puerperalis
12.5 Pelvic vein thrombosis
12.6 Postpartum thyroiditis
12.7 Psychiatric disorders
13 The newborn
13.1 The healthy newborn
13.1.1 The baby and its parents
13.1.2 Initial care
13.1.3 Examination
13.1.4 Screening program
13.1.5 Other preventative measures
13.2 Diet and care
13.2.1 Lactation, breastfeeding, medication in breast milk
13.2.2 Dietary plan for artificial feeding
13.2.3 Dietary disorders
13.2.4 Care of the healthy newborn
13.3 Postnatal adaptation
13.3.1 Physiological adaptation
13.3.2 Pathological adaptation
13.4 Birth trauma
13.5 The preterm baby
13.5.1 Gestational age
13.5.2 Complications
13.5.3 Diseases of preterm babies
13.6 Hypotrophic newborn
13.7 The infant of the diabetic mother (IDM)
13.7.1 Glucose metabolism and hypoglycemia
13.7.2 Fetopathia diabetica and complications
13.8 Common newborn diseases
13.8.1 Respiratory disorders
13.8.2 Anemia, polycythemia, hyperviscosity
13.8.3 Hyperbilirubinemia, icterus, phototherapy
13.8.4 Hemolytic disease (HD)
13.8.5 Drug addiction, drug withdrawal
13.8.6 Neonatal seizures
13.9 Common congenital abnormalities
13.9.1 Gastrointestinal tract
13.9.2 Congenital cardiac malformations
13.9.3 Skeletal malformations
13.9.4 Down syndrome
13.9.5 Alcohol embryopathy, -fetopathy (fetal alcohol syndrome; FAS)
13.10 Neonatal infections
13.10.1 Immune status of the neonate
13.10.2 Sepsis and GBS infection
13.10.3 Other vertical infections
13.11 Level of Care and Regionalization
13.11.1 Prenatal transfer to a perinatal center
13.11.2 Neonatal consultation
13.11.3 Indications for transfer to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU)
13.11.4 Transfer to NICU not indicated
13.11.5 Postnatal transport
Index
