Practical Control of Electric Machines: Model-Based Design and Simulation (Advances in Industrial Control)

✍ Scribed by Rubén Molina Llorente

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2020
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 643
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book presents deep analysis of machine control for different applications, focusing on its implementation in embedded systems. Necessary peripherals for various microcontroller families are analysed for machine control and software architecture patterns for high-quality software development processes in motor control units are described. Abundant figures help the reader to understand the theoretical, simulation and practical implementation stages of machine control. Model-based design, used as a mathematical and visual approach to construction of complex control algorithms, code generation that eliminates hand-coding errors, and co-simulation tools such as Simulink, PSIM and finite element analysis are discussed. The simulation and verification tools refine, and retest the models without having to resort to prototype construction. The book shows how a voltage source inverter can be designed with tricks, protection elements, and space vector modulation.
Practical Control of Electric Machines: Model-Based Design and Simulation is based on the author’s experience of a wide variety of systems in domestic, automotive and industrial environments, and most examples have implemented and verified controls. The text is ideal for readers looking for an insight into how electric machines play an important role in most real-life applications of control. Practitioners and students preparing for a career in control design applied in electric machines will benefit from the book’s easily understood theoretical approach to complex machine control. The book contains mathematics appropriate to various levels of experience, from the student to the academic and the experienced professional.
Advances in Industrial Control reports and encourages the transfer of technology in control engineering. The rapid development of control technology has an impact on all areas of the control discipline. The series offers an opportunity for researchers to present an extended exposition of new work in all aspects of industrial control.

✦ Table of Contents

Series Editor’s Foreword
Preface
Trademark Acknowledgements
Contents
1 Embedded Control System Development Process: Model-Based Design and Architecture Basics
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Model-Based Design
1.2.1 V-Model
1.2.2 Test Stage
1.2.3 MBD Process
1.3 Computer Simulations
1.3.1 MATLAB/Simulink
1.3.2 PSIM®
1.3.3 Finite Element in Electric Machines
1.4 Software Architecture Patterns
1.4.1 Introduction
1.4.2 Automotive Open System Architecture (AUTOSAR)
1.5 Discrete-Time Electric Machine Control System Overview
References
2 Electric Machine Control Technics
2.1 Control Theory Overview
2.1.1 Stability Analysis of Second-Order Systems
2.2 Control Structures
2.2.1 Feedforward Control
2.2.2 Cascade Control Structure
2.3 Classical PID Controllers
2.3.1 PD Controller
2.3.2 PI Controller
2.3.3 PID Controller
2.3.4 Anti-windup
2.4 Digital Control
2.4.1 Aliasing
2.4.2 Quantifier
2.4.3 Time Delays
2.4.4 Integrators
2.4.5 Derivative
2.5 Digital PID Implementation
2.5.1 Discrete PI
2.5.2 Digital PI Implementation
2.6 Fuzzy Logic as Controllers
2.6.1 Overview
2.6.2 Fuzzy Logic System
2.6.3 Fuzzy Logic Control
2.6.4 Adaptive Fuzzy PI
2.6.5 Fuzzy + PI
References
3 Three-Phase Electrical Systems
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Three-Phase Balanced Linear Load
3.2.1 Star (Wye) Connection
3.2.2 Delta Connection
3.2.3 Low- and High-Voltage AC Machine Connection
3.3 Power in Three-Phase Systems
3.4 Vector Representation in Three-Phase Systems
3.5 Mathematical Transformation for AC Machine Analysis
3.5.1 The Clarke and Concordia Transformation
3.5.2 The Rotation Transformation
3.6 Instantaneous Power in Three-Phase Systems
3.6.1 Instantaneous Power Computation
3.7 RMS Computation
References
4 Fundamentals of Electric Machines
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Electric Machine Classification
4.3 Brushed Machine
4.3.1 Universal Machine
4.3.2 Self-Excited and Separately Excited Torque Expression
4.3.3 Brushed Machine Operation
4.4 Three-Phase Brushless AC Machine
4.4.1 AC Induction Machine
4.4.2 PMAC and BLDC Machine
4.4.3 Synchronous Reluctance Machine
References
5 Modeling Electric Machines
5.1 Mechanical Motion Model (Newton’s Laws of Motion)
5.2 State-Space Overview
5.3 Modeling DC Machine
5.3.1 Continuous State-Space
5.4 Three-Phase Brushless AC Machine Model
5.4.1 Induction Machine
5.4.2 PMAC Machine
References
6 Measurement in Electric Drives
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Voltage Measurement
6.2.1 Non-isolated Voltage Measurement
6.2.2 Adding a Low-Pass Filter (LPF)
6.3 Temperature Measurement
6.3.1 The Thermistor for Temperature Measurement
6.4 Current Measurement
6.4.1 Non-isolated Current Measurement
6.4.2 Isolated Current Measurement
6.5 Speed Measurement
6.5.1 Tachometer Sensor
6.5.2 Speed/Position Measurement
7 Microcontroller Peripherals for Electric Drives
7.1 General Timer Module (GTM)
7.1.1 GTM Sub-modules
7.2 Analog-to-Digital Converter
7.2.1 Successive Approximation A/D Converter
7.2.2 Delta-Sigma Converter
7.3 Infineon AURIX™ Automotive Microcontroller
7.3.1 Introduction
7.3.2 Infineon AURIX™ Family
7.3.3 GTM in AURIX™ Family
7.3.4 DSADC in AURIX™ Family
7.4 General-Purpose Renesas RX600 Microcontroller
7.4.1 Multi-function Timer Pulse Unit 3 (MTU3)
7.4.2 A/D Converter
7.5 Modeling and Simulation
7.5.1 Modeling and Simulation of ATOM
7.5.2 ATOM Configuration
7.5.3 Simulation of SDADC
7.5.4 Simulation of MTU for Three-Phase Machines
7.5.5 MTU3-4 PWM Configuration
7.5.6 MTU5 Configuration
7.5.7 Simulation of A/D Converter
7.5.8 A/D Configuration for Three-Phase Machines
References
8 Analysis of Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverters
8.1 Introduction
8.2 VSI
8.2.1 Single-Phase VSI
8.2.2 Three-Phase VSI
8.3 Power Semiconductor
8.3.1 Introduction
8.3.2 Semiconductor Technology Overview
8.3.3 Parasitic Effect in Semiconductor Switches
8.3.4 Gate Charge
8.3.5 Dynamic Characteristic
8.3.6 Snubber Circuits
8.3.7 Semiconductor Power Losses
8.4 VSI Design Considerations
8.4.1 Gate Driver
8.4.2 Current Measurement
8.4.3 Output Voltage Distortion
8.4.4 DC Voltage Source
8.4.5 DC-Link Pre-charge
8.4.6 DC-Link Discharge
8.5 VSI in Dynamic and Regenerative Braking Mode
8.6 Machine Terminal Overvoltage
8.6.1 Involved Impedance
8.6.2 Sine-Wave Low-Frequency Output Filter
8.6.3 High-Frequency Output Filter
8.6.4 dv/dt Simulation
8.7 VSI Self-protection
8.7.1 Short-Circuit Protection (Surge Current Detection)
8.7.2 Overcurrent Detection
8.7.3 Overvoltage and Undervoltage Detection
8.7.4 Overheating Detection
8.8 Machine Fault Detection
8.8.1 Locked Rotor Detection
8.8.2 Overload Detection
8.8.3 Overheating Detection
8.8.4 Open-Phase Detection
8.9 VSI Power Plant Model
References
9 Space Vector Modulation
9.1 Space Vector Modulation
9.1.1 Introduction
9.1.2 Space Vector Modulation
9.2 Model Design
9.2.1 Introduction
9.2.2 SVPWM Model
9.2.3 Deadtime Compensation Model
9.2.4 Simulation Results
9.3 Experimental Results
9.3.1 Continuous SVPWM
9.3.2 Discontinuous SVPWM
9.3.3 Distortion Effect in the AC Current
9.3.4 Semiconductor Temperature Effect
9.3.5 Deadtime Compensation
References
10 Practical Control of AC Machine
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Control Overview in an Electrical Machines
10.2.1 Rotating Load Speed Control Design
10.2.2 PI Current Control Design
10.2.3 DC Servo Motor Drive Model-Based Simulation
10.3 Principle of Vector Control
10.4 Sensored Vector Control
10.4.1 Induction Machine
10.4.2 SynRM/PMASynRM
10.4.3 PMSM
10.5 Flux Weakening Control
10.5.1 Flux Weakening Control of Induction Machine
10.5.2 Flux Weakening Control of SynRM and PMASynRM
10.5.3 Flux Weakening Control Strategy
10.6 Sensorless Control
10.6.1 Introduction
10.6.2 Rotor Flux Linkage Estimator in IM, PMSM, SynRM, and PMASynRM
10.6.3 Rotor Flux Linkage Estimator PMSM
10.6.4 Instantaneous Slip and Speed Estimator for IM
10.7 Simulations Results
10.7.1 Flux Observer and Slip Estimator Simulations in IM
10.7.2 Flux Observer in PMSM
References
11 Model-in-the-Loop Development in a Vector Control of Induction Machine
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Control Loop Analysis
11.3 Rapid Prototype Simulation Without Power Plant
11.4 Software Architecture Design
11.5 MCL SWC Design
11.5.1 Slow Control Loop Task
11.5.2 Fast Control Loop Task
11.5.3 MCL Unit Test
11.6 Model-in-the-Loop Test (MiL)
11.6.1 Test Below Nominal Speed
11.6.2 Test Above Nominal Speed
11.7 Application in Electrical Vehicle
11.7.1 Vehicle Movement Simulation
11.7.2 Vehicle Speed Control Simulation
11.8 Application in Propeller Aircraft
References
12 Appendices
12.1 Real-Time Implementation: PiL Testing
12.2 55 kW IPMSM Simulation Results
12.2.1 Static Simulation
12.2.2 Motor Mode
12.2.3 Generator Mode
References
Index