Power System Analysis and Design, Fifth Edition

✍ Scribed by J. Duncan Glover, Mulukutla S. Sarma, Thomas Overbye

• Publisher: Cengage Learning
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 853
• Edition: 5th
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

The new edition of POWER SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN provides students with an introduction to the basic concepts of power systems along with tools to aid them in applying these skills to real world situations. Physical concepts are highlighted while also giving necessary attention to mathematical techniques. Both theory and modeling are developed from simple beginnings so that they can be readily extended to new and complex situations. The authors incorporate new tools and material to aid students with design issues and reflect recent trends in the field.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover Page......Page 1
Half-title Page......Page 3
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright Page......Page 6
Dedication Page......Page 7
CONTENTS......Page 10
Preface......Page 16
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS......Page 18
List of Symbols, Units, and Notation......Page 22
CHAPTER 1: Introduction......Page 26
Case Study: The Future Beckons: Will the Electric Power Industry Heed the Call?......Page 27
1.1: History of Electric Power Systems......Page 35
1.2: Present and Future Trends......Page 42
1.3: Electric Utility Industry Structure......Page 46
1.4: Computers in Power System Engineering......Page 47
1.5: PowerWorld Simulator......Page 49
CHAPTER 2: Fundamentals......Page 56
Case Study: Making Microgrids Work......Page 57
2.1: Phasors......Page 71
2.2: Instantaneous Power in Single-Phase AC Circuits......Page 72
2.3: Complex Power......Page 78
2.4: Network Equations......Page 83
2.5: Balanced Three-Phase Circuits......Page 85
2.6: Power in Balanced Three-Phase Circuits......Page 93
2.7: Advantages of Balanced Three-Phase Versus Single-Phase Systems......Page 99
CHAPTER 3: Power Transformers......Page 115
Case Study: PJM Manages Aging Transformer Fleet......Page 116
3.1: The Ideal Transformer......Page 121
3.2: Equivalent Circuits for Practical Transformers......Page 127
3.3: The Per-Unit System......Page 133
3.4: Three-Phase Transformer Connections and Phase Shift......Page 141
3.5: Per-Unit Equivalent Circuits of Balanced Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers......Page 146
3.6: Three-Winding Transformers......Page 151
3.7: Autotransformers......Page 155
3.8: Transformers with Off-Nominal Turns Ratios......Page 156
CHAPTER 4: Transmission Line Parameters......Page 184
Case Study: Transmission Line Conductor Design Comes of Age......Page 185
Case Study: Six Utilities Share Their Perspectives on Insulators......Page 189
4.1: Transmission Line Design Considerations......Page 194
4.2: Resistance......Page 199
4.3: Conductance......Page 202
4.4: Inductance: Solid Cylindrical Conductor......Page 203
4.5: Inductance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing......Page 208
4.6: Inductance: Composite Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors......Page 210
4.7: Series Impedances: Three-Phase Line with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return......Page 218
4.8: Electric Field and Voltage: Solid Cylindrical Conductor......Page 224
4.9: Capacitance: Single-Phase Two-Wire Line and Three-Phase Three-Wire Line with Equal Phase Spacing......Page 226
4.10: Capacitance: Stranded Conductors, Unequal Phase Spacing, Bundled Conductors......Page 229
4.11: Shunt Admittances: Lines with Neutral Conductors and Earth Return......Page 232
4.12: Electric Field Strength at Conductor Surfaces and at Ground Level......Page 237
4.13: Parallel Circuit Three-Phase Lines......Page 240
CHAPTER 5: Transmission Lines: Steady-State Operation......Page 258
Case Study: The ABCs of HVDC Transmission Technologies......Page 259
5.1: Medium and Short Line Approximations......Page 273
5.2: Transmission-Line Differential Equations......Page 279
5.3: Equivalent p Circuit......Page 285
5.4: Lossless Lines......Page 287
5.5: Maximum Power Flow......Page 296
5.6: Line Loadability......Page 298
5.7: Reactive Compensation Techniques......Page 302
CHAPTER 6: Power Flows......Page 319
Case Study: Future Vision......Page 320
Case Study: Characteristics of Wind Turbine Generators for Wind Power Plants......Page 330
6.1: Direct Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Gauss Elimination......Page 336
6.2: Iterative Solutions to Linear Algebraic Equations: Jacobi and Gauss–Seidel......Page 340
6.3: Iterative Solutions to Nonlinear Algebraic Equations: Newton–Raphson......Page 346
6.4: The Power-Flow Problem......Page 350
6.5: Power-Flow Solution by Gauss–Seidel......Page 356
6.6: Power-Flow Solution by Newton–Raphson......Page 359
6.7: Control of Power Flow......Page 368
6.8: Sparsity Techniques......Page 374
6.9: Fast Decoupled Power Flow......Page 377
6.10: The ‘‘DC’’ Power Flow......Page 378
6.11: Power-Flow Modeling of Wind Generation......Page 379
Design Projects 1–5......Page 391
CHAPTER 7: Symmetrical Faults......Page 404
Case Study: The Problem of Arcing Faults in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Systems......Page 405
7.1: Series R–L Circuit Transients......Page 407
7.2: Three-Phase Short Circuit—Unloaded Synchronous Machine......Page 410
7.3: Power System Three-Phase Short Circuits......Page 414
7.4: Bus Impedance Matrix......Page 417
7.5: Circuit Breaker and Fuse Selection......Page 425
Design Project 4 (continued)......Page 442
CHAPTER 8: Symmetrical Components......Page 444
Case Study: Circuit Breakers Go High Voltage......Page 445
8.1: Definition of Symmetrical Components......Page 453
8.2: Sequence Networks of Impedance Loads......Page 458
8.3: Sequence Networks of Series Impedances......Page 466
8.4: Sequence Networks of Three-Phase Lines......Page 468
8.5: Sequence Networks of Rotating Machines......Page 470
8.6: Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Two-Winding Transformers......Page 476
8.7: Per-Unit Sequence Models of Three-Phase Three-Winding Transformers......Page 481
8.8: Power in Sequence Networks......Page 484
CHAPTER 9: Unsymmetrical Faults......Page 496
Case Study: Fires at U.S. Utilities......Page 497
9.1: System Representation......Page 498
9.2: Single Line-to-Ground Fault......Page 503
9.3: Line-to-Line Fault......Page 508
9.4: Double Line-to-Ground Fault......Page 510
9.5: Sequence Bus Impedance Matrices......Page 517
Design Project 4 (continued)......Page 537
Design Project 6......Page 538
CHAPTER 10: System Protection......Page 541
Case Study: The Future of Power Transmission......Page 543
10.1: System Protection Components......Page 550
10.2: Instrument Transformers......Page 551
10.3: Overcurrent Relays......Page 558
10.4: Radial System Protection......Page 562
10.5: Reclosers and Fuses......Page 566
10.6: Directional Relays......Page 570
10.7: Protection of Two-Source System with Directional Relays......Page 571
10.8: Zones of Protection......Page 572
10.9: Line Protection with Impedance (Distance) Relays......Page 576
10.10: Di¤erential Relays......Page 582
10.11: Bus Protection with Differential Relays......Page 584
10.12: Transformer Protection with Differential Relays......Page 585
10.13: Pilot Relaying......Page 590
10.14: Digital Relaying......Page 591
CHAPTER 11: Transient Stability......Page 604
Case Study: Real-Time Dynamic Security Assessment......Page 606
11.1: The Swing Equation......Page 615
11.2: Simplified Synchronous Machine Model and System Equivalents......Page 621
11.3: The Equal-Area Criterion......Page 623
11.4: Numerical Integration of the Swing Equation......Page 633
11.5: Multimachine Stability......Page 638
11.6: A Two-Axis Synchronous Machine Model......Page 646
11.7: Wind Turbine Machine Models......Page 650
11.8: Design Methods for Improving Transient Stability......Page 657
CHAPTER 12: Power System Controls......Page 664
Case Study: Overcoming Restoration Challenges Associated with Major Power System Disturbances......Page 667
12.1: Generator-Voltage Control......Page 677
12.2: Turbine-Governor Control......Page 682
12.3: Load-Frequency Control......Page 688
12.4: Economic Dispatch......Page 692
12.5: Optimal Power Flow......Page 705
CHAPTER 13: Transmission Lines: Transient Operation......Page 715
Case Study: VariSTAR8 Type AZE Surge Arresters......Page 716
Case Study: Change in the Air......Page 719
13.1: Traveling Waves on Single-Phase Lossless Lines......Page 732
13.2: Boundary Conditions for Single-Phase Lossless Lines......Page 735
13.3: Bewley Lattice Diagram......Page 744
13.4: Discrete-Time Models of Single-Phase Lossless Lines and Lumped RLC Elements......Page 749
13.5: Lossy Lines......Page 756
13.6: Multiconductor Lines......Page 760
13.7: Power System Overvoltages......Page 763
13.8: Insulation Coordination......Page 770
CHAPTER 14: POWER DISTRIBUTION......Page 782
Case Study: The Path of the Smart Grid......Page 783
14.1: Introduction to Distribution......Page 795
14.2: Primary Distribution......Page 797
14.3: Secondary Distribution......Page 805
14.4: Transformers in Distribution Systems......Page 810
14.5: Shunt Capacitors in Distribution Systems......Page 820
14.6: Distribution Software......Page 825
14.7: Distribution Reliability......Page 826
14.8: Distribution Automation......Page 829
14.9: Smart Grids......Page 832
Appendix......Page 839
B......Page 843
C......Page 844
E......Page 845
I......Page 846
L......Page 847
P......Page 848
S......Page 850
T......Page 851
Z......Page 853