Power-Sharing in the Global South: Patterns, Practices and Potentials

✍ Scribed by Eduardo Wassim Aboultaif (editor), Soeren Keil (editor), Allison McCulloch (editor)

• Publisher: Palgrave Macmillan
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 388
• Series: Federalism and Internal Conflicts
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Power-sharing serves as a popular conflict resolution device at war’s end. Yet, the performance record of such arrangements is highly variable, sometimes leading to peace and stability and at other times to immobilism and institutional collapse. This book explores the adoption, function, and dissolution of power-sharing arrangements across the Global South, including case studies of Colombia, Ethiopia, Malaysia, and Iraq, and others to make sense of this mixed record. Authors identify a range of contextual factors as well as significant variations in the institutional rules and their meaning across the cases that help to explain divergent power-sharing outcomes. Emphasis throughout the chapters is placed on system adaptability for power-sharing success.

✦ Table of Contents

Acknowledgements
Contents
Notes on Contributors
List of Figures
List of Tables
1 Introduction: Power-Sharing in the Global South
Introduction
One Form of Power-Sharing or Many?
Organization of the Book
Bibliography
2 Power-Sharing in the Global South in Comparative Perspective: Patterns and Practices
Introduction
Comparative Perspectives on Power-Sharing: From Consociational and Consensus Models of Democracy to Post-Civil War Conflict Management
Power-Sharing Institutions in the Global South
Power-Sharing in Practice
Who Has Power?
Effects Stemming from the Exercise of Power Via Power-Sharing Institutions
Trends in the Adoption and Evolution of Power-Sharing in the Global South: Past, Present… and Future?
References
3 The Idea of Power-Sharing in South Africa’s Transition from Apartheid to Constitutional Democracy (1983–1993)
Power-Sharing and Constitutional Change in South Africa
Power-Sharing and the Reform of Apartheid
Power-Sharing in the Transition to Democracy
South African Constitutional History and the Idea of Power-Sharing: Concluding Observations
References
4 Power-Sharing in Colombia: Bipartisanship, Leftist Insurgencies, and Beyond
Introduction
Power-Sharing in the Bipartisan System (1905–1974)
Leftist Insurgency, Partial Peace Agreements, and Power-Sharing
Power-Sharing in Contemporary Colombia: The 2016 Peace Agreement
Conclusion
References
5 Power-Sharing Processes in Post-Arab Spring Tunisia: From Elite Compromise to Presidential Monopolization
Introduction
How Has It Been Adopted?—Establishing the Elite Compromise in Post-Arab Spring Tunisia
Power-Sharing in Direct Response to the Fall of Ben Ali
Power-Sharing Through a “Historic Compromise”
How Has It Been Functioning?—Implementing the Power-Sharing System in the Tunisian Post-Arab Spring Transformation Process
Elections and Coalitions Based on the Constitution: The Elite Compromise in Practice
Carthage I: The Climax of Post-Arab Spring Elite Compromise
How Has It Ended?—Evaluating the Longevity of the Elite Compromise and Its Functioning
Carthage II: The Decline of the Elite Compromise
Parliamentary and Presidential Elections 2019: Turning Away from the Elite Compromise
COVID-19 Pandemic Meets Government Crises and Intra-Party Fragmentation
The Presidential Sonderweg Instead of ‘Paced Transition’: Saied’s Monopolization of Power
Conclusion
Appendix: Milestones of the Power-Sharing Processes in Post-Arab Spring Tunisia
References
6 The Limits of Territorial Arrangements and the Relevance of Consociationalism for India
Introduction
India’s Cleavages
Religions
Languages
Tribes of India
The Adoption of Power-Sharing in India
Post-independence Institutional Arrangements for Power-Sharing
Territorial Power-Sharing for the Aboriginal Peoples and Political Exclusion
Limits of Power-Sharing: Challenges and Future Prospects
Conclusion: Lessons Learned
References
7 Power-Sharing in Nigeria’s Divided Society: Structures, Conflicts and Challenges
Introduction
Power-Sharing: Concept and Theories
Power-Sharing in Nigeria
Federalism
The Federal Character Principle
Political Zoning and Rotational Presidency
State Creation
Revenue Allocation
Conflict and Challenges
Conclusion
References
8 Power-Sharing in Malaysia: Coalition Politics and the Social Contract
Political and Constitutional Origins of the Social Contract
The May 13 Incident and the ‘Rukunegara’ Amendments
The Social Contract: Implementation and Critiques
Judicial Responses
Duration and Application of the Social Contract
Success and Failure
Coalition Politics and the Social Contract
Conclusion
References
9 The Paradox of Power-Sharing in Mauritius
Introduction
Ethnic Profile
The Development of Power-Sharing Under the British Colonial Rule (Adoption Phase)
The Division Between the Franco-Mauritians and the Indo-Mauritians, and the General Elections of 1948 and 1953
The Trustam Eve Commission and the General Elections of 1959 and 1963
The Banwell Commission and the Independence Election of 1967
Post-independence Power-Sharing (Implementation Phase)
Coalition Politics
Proportional Representation: The Best Loser System
Mutual Veto and Segmental Autonomy
Challenges to Power-Sharing Functionality in Mauritius
Conclusion
References
10 Lebanon: Consociationalism Between Immobilism and Reform
From the National Pact to the Taif Accords: Lebanon’s Consociational State
Gender Activism in a Consociational State
Permissible Violence: Efforts to Repeal “Marry Your Rapist” Laws
Reforming Nationality Laws: The Sectarian Balance of Power
Is Reform Possible?
Conclusion
References
11 Consociational Democracy Without Minority Veto? Power-sharing in Ethiopia
Introduction
The Context
Segmental Autonomy
The Constitutional Framework
The Clamor for One’s Own State
Proportionality
Executive Power-sharing
Consociational Coalition?
Enter Abiy Ahmed
When Formal Institutions Do Not Matter
Conclusion
References
12 The Power-Sharing Arrangements in Iraq: The Instability Within
Introduction
The Social Structures of Iraqi Society
The Power-Sharing Arrangement in Iraq
Grand Coalition
Veto Rights
Proportional Representation
Territorial Autonomy
Evaluating the Power-Sharing Arrangement in Iraq
Conclusion
References
13 “The Unloved Child Matures”: Power-Sharing in Burundi
Rumors
The Long Road to Arusha (1988–1998)
The Adoption of Power-Sharing (1999–2005)
Functioning Power-Sharing? (2005–2006)
The Erosion of Power-Sharing (2007–2015)
Reconfiguring Power-Sharing (2015–)
Conclusion
References
14 On the Adoptability of Power-sharing in Syria
Introduction
Syria’s (Possible) Consociation: The Liberal-Corporate Debate
Reforms of the Armed Forces
Conclusion
References
15 The Pacific Islands: The Centrality of Context for Power-Sharing in the Global South
The Character of Cleavages
Electoral Law and Party Systems
Fiji’s Multi-Party Cabinet Experiment
Collegiality in New Caledonia
New Caledonia and Fiji Compared
Conditionalities and Contextual Blindness
Conclusion
References
16 Conclusion: The Power-Sharing Lifecycle across the Global South
Adoptability
Functionality
Adaptability and Endability
Conclusion
References
Index