Power Grids with Renewable Energy: Storage, integration and digitalization

✍ Scribed by Abdelhay A. Sallam, Om P. Malik

• Publisher: The Institution of Engineering and Technology
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 597
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Generation of electricity from renewable sources has become a necessity, particularly due to environmental concerns. In order for renewable sources to provide reliable power, their sporadic availability under certain conditions and the lack of control over the resource must be addressed. Different renewable energy sources and storage technologies bring various properties to the table, and power systems must be adapted and constructed to accommodate these. Power electronics and micro-grids play key roles in enabling the use of renewable energy in the evolving smarter grids.

This book, written by well-known researchers with broad expertise and successful publication records, provides a systematic overview of modern power systems with integrated renewable energy. Chapters provide concise coverage of renewable energy generation, of storage technologies including chemical, electrostatic and thermal storage systems, and of energy integration, power conditioning systems, economic dispatch and scheduling, EV integration, as well as communications and cyber-security in power systems.

This work is a highly valuable resource for researchers in industry and academia involved with renewable energy technology and power systems, for advanced students of related subjects, and for utilities engineers and professionals.

✦ Table of Contents

Contents
About the authors
Preface
Acknowledgements
1. Towards the new trend of power grids
1.1 Conventional power systems
1.2 Microgrids
1.3 Energy storage systems
1.4 Smarter grid
1.5 Power grid examination
References
Part I: Renewable energy sources
2. Wind energy
2.1 Wind turbines
2.2 Basic relations
2.3 Wind characteristics
2.4 Electrical generators in wind systems
References
3. Solar energy
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Solar PV technology
3.3 Concentrating solar power
References
4. Ocean energy: tidal energy
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Physics of tidal phenomena
4.3 Tidal energy estimation
4.4 Tidal energy extraction
4.5 Tidal current energy conversion devices
4.6 Tidal power plants connected to utility grid
4.7 Environmental impacts
4.8 Tidal power pros and cons
References
5. Ocean energy: wave and thermal energy
5.1 Wave energy concept
5.2 Ocean waves creation
5.3 Wave propagation
5.4 Fundamentals of deepwater waves
5.5 Estimation of wave energy
5.6 Wave energy converters
5.7 Mechanical interfaces
5.8 Electricity generation
5.9 PTO systems
5.10 Pros and cons
5.11 Principle of OTEC operation
5.12 OTEC and environment
5.13 Technical limitations and challenges
5.14 Site selection
5.15 Advantages and disadvantages
References
6. Biomass energy
6.1 What is biomass?
6.2 Types of biomass
6.3 Biomass energy
6.4 Biomass properties
6.5 Biomass energy conversion technologies
6.6 Pros and cons of biomass energy
References
Part II: Energy storage systems
7. Electrical energy storage
7.1 Introduction
7.2 EES and renewable energy
7.3 EES concept
7.4 The need for EES
7.5 Critical challenges
7.6 Functions of EES
7.7 Classification of EES technologies
7.8 Characteristics of EES technologies
7.9 Fields of energy storage applications
References
8. Mechanical energy storage systems
8.1 PHES system
8.2 CAES system
8.3 FW energy storage
References
9. Chemical energy storage systems: fuel cells and power-to-gas
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Principles of FC operation
9.3 Reversible open-circuit voltage of FCs
9.4 FC’s efficiency
9.5 Factors affecting VOC
9.6 FC equivalent circuit
9.7 PEMFC characteristics
9.8 Types of FCs
9.9 Power-to-gas
References
10. Electrochemical energy storage systems
10.1 Conventional secondary BES technologies
10.2 Flow batteries
10.3 Battery modelling
10.4 Comparison of BES technologies
References
11. Electrostatic, magnetic and thermal energy storage
11.1 Electrostatic energy storage systems
11.2 Superconducting magnetic energy storage
11.3 Thermal energy storage
11.4 TES performance
References
12. Energy storage system application: electric vehicles
12.1 Introduction
12.2 PEV technologies
12.3 Batteries
12.4 Electric motors
12.5 Electric vehicles performance
12.6 Battery charging infrastructure
References
Part III: Renewables integration
13. Power conditioning systems
13.1 General
13.2 AC–DC conversion
13.3 DC–DC conversion
13.4 DC–AC conversion
13.5 AC–AC conversion
13.6 Output filters
13.7 Case studies
References
14. Integration of distributed energy resources
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Powering DG systems
14.3 Benefits of DGs
14.4 Operation requirements for DERs integration into power systems
14.5 Microgrids
14.6 Concluding remarks
References
15. Economic dispatch of hybrid thermal and wind plants
15.1 Description of ED problem
15.2 Modelling of system comprising thermal units and wind energy sources
15.3 Formulation of optimization problem
15.4 Single-objective ED model
15.5 Economic/emissions dispatch problem
15.6 Role of ESS
References
16. Generation scheduling for power grids with renewables
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Thermal generating units
16.3 Formulation of the thermal scheduling problem
16.4 Economic dispatch
16.5 Review of thermal scheduling techniques
16.6 Problem representation and solution strategy
16.7 SCGS for smart grid incorporating wind and solar thermal energy
References
17. Load flow analysis for power systems with renewables
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Steady-state load flow calculations
17.3 Load flow calculations for transient stability
References
18. Integration of electric vehicles with renewables into power grids
18.1 Electrification of transportation
18.2 EVs integration with RESs
18.3 EVs for ancillary services in power systems
18.4 V2G challenges
References
19. Microgrids: modelling and control
19.1 Introduction
19.2 MG architecture
19.3 Modelling and simulation of MG components
19.4 Application of D-STATCOM
19.5 Application of SFC
References
Part IV: Associated systems
20. Communications in power systems
20.1 Perspective of future power grid
20.2 Wired communications
20.3 Wireless communications
20.4 Internet access
20.5 Concluding remarks
References
21. Cybersecurity in power systems
21.1 Introduction
21.2 Communication network protocols in power grids
21.3 Cybersecurity objectives and requirements
21.4 Network attacks in power grids
21.5 Grid privacy
21.6 Security of grid components
21.7 Cloud computing
References
Appendix A: Probability density and Weibull distribution functions
Appendix B: Test system
Index