Potassium buffering by Müller cells isolated from the center and periphery of the frog retina
✍ Scribed by S.N. Skatchkov; J. Krušek; A. Reichenbach; R.K. Orkand
- Publisher
- John Wiley and Sons
- Year
- 1999
- Tongue
- English
- Weight
- 284 KB
- Volume
- 27
- Category
- Article
- ISSN
- 0894-1491
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✦ Synopsis
Mu ¨ller (radial glial) cells span the retina from the outer to the inner limiting membranes. They are the only glial cells found in the amphibian retina. The thickness of the frog (Rana pipiens) retina decreases by a factor of about four from the center to the periphery. Thus, Mu ¨ller cells were isolated, by enzymatic dissociation, with stalk lengths from 20 to 140 µm. Their ability to transfer K ϩ via the stalk between soma and endfoot was studied. Membrane currents were recorded using the whole-cell voltage-clamp technique with the pipette sealed to either the endfoot or the soma. Inward (I KIN ) or outward (I KO ) currents were elicited by rapid increases (3 to 10 mM) or decreases (3 to 1 mM) of the extracellular K ϩ concentration ([K ϩ ] o ) either by local application (close or distant to the recording pipette) or around the entire cell (whole cell perfusion). For the long central cells, the ratio I KIN /I KO was 4.6 Ϯ 0.6 SE (n ϭ 9) at the endfoot and 1.7 Ϯ 0.1 SE (n ϭ 8) at the soma. In cells from the retinal periphery, the ratio I KIN /I KO was higher, 7.0 Ϯ 0.27 (n ϭ 8) at the endfoot and 3.2 Ϯ 0.1 (n ϭ 10) at the soma. The results suggest that there is less inward rectification in the somatic than in the endfoot membrane. As expected from previous studies, the sensitivity of the cells to K ϩ was higher at the endfoot than at the soma. The amplitude of I KIN at the endfoot compared to the soma was about 8-fold for the long central cells but only about 1.5-fold for the short peripheral cells. Currents spread readily from endfoot to soma in the peripheral cells. In the long central Mu ¨ller cells the soma and endfoot appeared electrotonically isolated. The ''functional length constant'', , of cell stalk processes was about 70 µm. The relative decrement of large inward currents was stronger than that of smaller outward currents; this difference (''artificial rectification'') is explained by a simple model, where larger currents (inward) are attenuated more than smaller (outward) currents. The data support the hypothesis that in the retinal periphery, Mu ¨ller cells provide extensive spatial K ϩ buffering from both plexiform layers into the vitreous body. In the central retina, however, such currents are limited within a short (interlaminar) range.