Abstract
This study examined the postprogram follow‐up status of mothers who abused alcohol and drugs heavily during a target pregnancy, were enrolled in the Parent–Child Assistance Program (PCAP), and received paraprofessional home visitation and advocacy for 3 years after delivery. Outcomes were examined across two time intervals: between program enrollment and 3‐year exit, and between 3‐year exit and postprogram follow‐up an average of 2.5 years later. At postprogram follow‐up we observed a significant increase in abstinence from alcohol and drugs for 6 months or more, and significant decreases in subsequent pregnancies and deliveries. These outcomes are of special importance because PCAP intervention efforts target behaviors that put mothers at risk for future alcohol and drug exposed births. A significant postprogram increase in living in permanent housing and a significant decrease in incarceration were other notable findings. We conclude that given specific program goals, facilitated linkages to appropriate community services, and the necessary time for gradual change to occur, supportive paraprofessional advocacy can assist many high‐risk mothers in moving toward sustained recovery and improved stability even years after intervention. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Comm Psychol 31: 211–222, 2003.