This book is a practical manual covering the basic science of Positron Emission Tomography (PET). In recent years, clinicians have taken an active interest in PET with huge ramifications in patient management. However, until recently, this subject area has largely been a realm of scientists. A significant part of the book describes the physics and technology behind the imaging detectors and techniques. It covers cyclotrons, PET instrumentation, radiochemistry, PET data acquisition and image formation, integration of structural and functional images, radiation dosimetry and protection, and applications especially in dedicated areas such as drug development, small animal scanning and gene expression imaging. This is to familiarize the reader with, and to give an understanding of the complexity of the systems, and as such is invaluable for clinicians and nuclear physicists who want to understand the basic science of PET. The technologist, the science, engineering or chemistry graduate seeking further detailed information about PET, or the medical advanced trainee wishing to gain insight into the basic science of PET will find this book particularly useful.