Polyvinylchloride-based Blends: Preparation, Characterization and Applications (Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials)

✍ Scribed by Visakh P. M. (editor), Raluca Nicoleta Darie-Nita (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 240
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book summarizes many of the recent research accomplishments in the area of polyvinylchloride (PVC)-based blends and their preparation, characterization and applications. Various sub-topics are addressed, such as the state-of-the-art of PVC based blends, new challenges and opportunities, emphasis being given to the types and sizes of components/fillers and optimum compositions of PVC blends, their processing and structure-properties relationships, modification/compatibilization methods, and possible applications. PVC/thermoplastic based nano, micro and macro blends, PVC membranes, bio-based plasticizers and PVC blends with components from renewable resources are reported. The various chapters in this book are contributed by prominent researchers from industry, academia and government/private research laboratories across the globe. It covers an up-to-date record on the major findings and observations in the field of PVC-based blends.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
1 Polyvinylchloride (PVC)-Based Blends: State of Art, New Challenges and Opportunities
Abstract
1.1 PVC: Structure and Properties Relationship
1.2 Characterization Techniques of PVC/Thermoplastic Nanoblends
1.3 Applications of PVC/Thermoplastic Nano-, Micro- and Macro-Blends
1.4 Factors Affecting the Properties of PVC Nano, Micro- and Macro-Blends
1.5 Interface Modification and Compatibilization of PVC Nano-, Micro- and Macro-Blends
1.6 Biobased Plasticizers for PVC
1.7 PVC/Polysaccharides Blends
1.8 Preparation of PVC Membranes, Characterization, Modification, Applications and Mathematical Model
1.9 Biobased PVC-Related Blends
1.10 Conclusions
References
2 Polyvinylchloride (PVC): Structure and Properties Relationship
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Structure
2.3 Synthesis
2.4 Polymerization Processes
2.4.1 Radical Polymerization
2.4.2 Emulsion Polymerization
2.4.3 Suspension Polymerization
2.5 Additives
2.5.1 Heat Stabilizer
2.5.2 Plasticizer
2.5.3 Impact Modifier
2.5.4 Process Aid
2.5.5 Lubricant
2.5.6 Filler
2.5.7 Flame Retardant/Smoke Suppressant
2.5.8 Pigment
2.5.9 Blowing Agent
2.5.10 Biocide
2.5.11 Viscosity Modifier
2.5.12 Antistatic Agent
2.5.13 Antioxidant
2.5.14 Antifogging Agent
2.5.15 Bonding Agent
2.5.16 UV Absorber
2.6 Processing of PVC
2.6.1 Extrusion
2.6.2 Injection Molding
2.6.3 Blow Molding
2.6.4 Calendering
2.6.5 Thermoforming
2.7 Properties of PVC
2.7.1 Physical Properties
2.7.2 Chemical Properties
2.7.3 Electrical and Optical Properties
2.7.4 Thermal Properties and Flammability
2.7.5 Mechanical Properties
2.7.6 Morphology
2.7.7 Crystal Structure and Crystallization Behavior
2.7.8 Weathering and Radiation Resistance
2.8 Suppliers
2.9 Applications
2.9.1 Construction
2.9.2 Medical
2.9.3 Electrical
2.9.4 Automobiles
2.9.5 Packaging
2.9.6 Cards
2.9.7 Leisure and Sports
2.9.8 Office
2.9.9 Clothing
2.10 Future and Environmental Impact
2.11 Conclusions
References
3 Characterization Techniques of Polyvinylchloride (PVC)/Thermoplastic Nano-Blends
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Overview of Physicochemical Characteristics
3.3 Modalities for Physicochemical Characterization
3.4 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
4 Applications of Polyvinylchloride (PVC)/Thermoplastic Nano-, Micro- and Macroblends
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Applications of PVC/Thermoplastic Nanoblends
4.2.1 Packaging Applications
4.2.2 Structural Applications
4.2.3 Military Applications
4.2.4 Aerospace Applications
4.3 Applications of PVC/Thermoplastic Microblends
4.3.1 Structural Applications
4.3.2 Military Applications
4.3.3 Aerospace Applications
4.3.4 Optical Applications
4.4 Applications of PVC/Thermoplastic Macroblends
4.4.1 Packaging Applications
4.4.2 Aerospace Applications
4.4.3 Recycling and Lifetime Studies
4.5 Conclusions
References
5 Factors Affecting the Properties of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Nano-, Micro- and Macro-Blends
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Mechanical Properties
5.2.1 Tensile Strength
5.2.2 Young’s Modulus
5.2.3 Elongation at Break
5.2.4 Hardness
5.3 Thermal Stability
5.4 Electrical Properties
5.5 Conclusions
References
6 Interface Modification and Compatibilization of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Nano-, Micro- and Macro-Blends
Abstract
6.1 PVC and the Basic Principles on Compatibilization of Polymeric Blends
6.1.1 Types of Polymeric Blends
6.1.2 Miscibility of Polymers
6.1.3 Strategies for the Compatibilization of Polymeric Blends
6.2 Interface Modification of PVC Macro, Micro, and Nano Blends
6.2.1 Interface Particularities of PVC Blends
6.2.2 Physical Modification of PVC Blends
6.2.3 Chemical Modification of PVC Blends
6.2.4 Physical-Chemical Modification of PVC Blends
6.2.5 Stimuli-Responsive Interfaces
6.3 Compatibilization of PVC Macro, Micro, and Nano Blends
6.3.1 Thermodynamics of PVC Blends
6.3.2 Physical Compatibilization
6.3.3 Reactive Polymer Synthesis
6.4 Analytic Methods for the Study of Interface and Compatibilization of PVC Blends
6.5 Conclusions
References
7 Bio-Based Plasticizers for Polyvinylchloride (PVC)
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Recent Progress in Performance of PVC Plasticizers as Alternative to DEHP
7.2.1 Petroleum-Derived PVC Plasticizers
7.2.2 Green Plasticizers for PVC
7.2.2.1 External Plasticizers
7.2.2.2 PVC Plasticized with Two Bio-Based Plasticizers
7.2.2.3 Chemical Modification of PVC/Bio-Based Plasticizers
7.2.2.4 Industrial Scale of PVC-Bio-Based Plasticizers
7.3 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
8 Polyvinylchloride (PVC)/Polysaccharides Blends
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 PVC/Polysaccharides Blends
8.2.1 PVC/Chitosan Blends
8.2.2 PVC/Starch blend
8.2.2.1 Starch Influence on Mechanical Properties and Biodegradation of PVC Composites
8.2.2.2 Solution Blending PVC/starch Acetate
8.2.2.3 Biodegradation of PVC/starch Blended Films
8.2.3 PVC/Cellulose and Wood Flour Blends
8.3 Compatibility of PVC/Polysaccharides Blend
8.3.1 PVC/Wood Blends
8.3.2 PVC/Chitosan Blends
8.3.3 Compatibilization of PVC/Starch Blends
8.4 Conclusions
References
9 Preparation of Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Membranes, Characterization, Modification, Applications, and Mathematical Model
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Polyvinylchloride (PVC) Membrane Preparation Methods
9.2.1 Phase Inversion (PI) Method
9.2.2 Modification of PVC Membrane
9.3 PVC Membrane Characterization [20, 30]
9.3.1 Polymer Solution Properties
9.3.2 Mechanical Properties
9.3.3 PVC Membrane Thickness
9.3.4 Pore Size and Porosity
9.3.5 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) Analysis
9.3.6 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
9.3.7 Contact Angles
9.3.8 Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)
9.3.9 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
9.3.10 Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDX)
9.3.11 Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)
9.3.12 Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA)
9.3.13 Abrasion Resistance Test
9.4 Application of PVC Membrane
9.4.1 Microfiltration
9.4.2 Ultrafiltration (UF)
9.4.3 Nanofiltration (NF)
9.4.4 Reverse Osmosis (RO) Process
9.4.5 Pervaporation (PV)
9.4.6 Membrane Distillation (MD)
9.4.7 Electrodialysis (ED)
9.5 Mathematical Model for PVC Membrane Preparation
9.5.1 Flory–Huggins Model for Polymeric Solution
9.5.2 Diffusion Model of Immersion Precipitation
References
10 Bio-Based Polyvinylchloride (PVC)-Related Blends
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 PVC Bio-Related Nanoblends
10.3 PVC/Polyester Bio-Related Blends
10.3.1 PVC/Polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) Blends
10.3.2 PVC/Poly(ε-Caprolactone) (PCL) Blends
10.4 PVC/Polysaccharide Bio-Related Blends
10.4.1 PVC/Starch Blends
10.4.2 PVC/Chitosan (CS) Blends
10.5 PVC/Natural Filler Bio-Related Blends
10.6 PVC/Protein (Collagen) Bio-Related Blends
10.7 PVC/ Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) (PVA) Bio-Related Blends
10.8 Conclusions and Future Trends
References