Polystyrene: Properties, Performance, and Applications

✍ Scribed by James E. Gray

• Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
• Year: 2011
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 198
• Series: Materials Science and Technologies
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

POLYSTYRENE: PROPERTIES, PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS

MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGIES

POLYSTYRENE TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE: PROGRESS IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF POLYMERS ATTRITION DURING CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESSES

✦ Table of Contents

POLYSTYRENE: PROPERTIES, PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS
POLYSTYRENE: PROPERTIES, PERFORMANCE AND APPLICATIONS
CONTENTS
PREFACE
POLYSTYRENE TRIBOLOGICAL PERFORMANCE: PROGRESS IN THE UNDERSTANDING OF POLYMERS ATTRITION DURING CHEMICAL ENGINEERING PROCESSES
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
2.1. Description of Attrition Device
2.2. Specimen Preparation
2.3. Contact Angles Measurements and Surface Free Energy
2.4. Atomic Force Microscopy Examinations
2.5. Infrared Spectroscopy Measurements
2.6. Differential Scanning Calorimetry Measurements
2.7. Rheological Measurements
2.8. Gel-Permeation Chromatography (GPC) Measurements
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
3.1. Discussion of Rubbing Results
3.2. Discussion of Attrition Results
Applied Normal Force Effect
Hemispheres Velocity Effect
Polymer Molecular Weight Effect
3.3. Discussion of Adhesion and Rubbing at the Nanometric Scale
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
REFERENCES
BIODEGRADABILITY OF POLYSTYRENE THAT CONTAINS N-BENZYL-4-VINYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE IN THE MAIN CHAIN
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
INDISPENSABLE QUALITY REQUIRED FOR BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER
Quality Required for Excellent Biodegradability
Quality Required for Test Microbes in Charges of Biodegradation
DURABILITY AND BIODEGRADABILITY OF SYNTHETIC POLYMER
PRINCIPAL CONTRIBUTION OF N-BENZYL-4-VINYLPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE TO BIODEGRADATION OF THE MODIFIED POLYSTYRENE
Extraordinarily Strong Biodegradability
Powerful Stimulation of Microbes to Degrade the Connected Portion
Highly Nutritive Worth for Microbes in Charges of Biodegradation
Proliferation of Bacteria on the Surface of Cross-Linked PBVP(Br)
Violent Digestion of Cross-Linked PBVP(Br) by Activated Sludge
Strong Bactericidal Activity of Not-Cross-Linked PBVP(Br)
Strong Affinity with Microbial Cells That Increases Opportunity of Biodegradation
Capture of Bacterial Cells by Adhesion on the Surface of Cross-Linked PBVP(Br)
Influence of Chemical Structure on the Ability to Capture Bacterial Cells
Influence of Electrostatic and Hydrophobic Interactions on the Capture of Bacterial Cells
Strong Hydrophilicity That Assists Biodegradation
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS
Materials
Preparation of Copolymers of Styrene with N-Benzyl-4-Vinylpyridinium Chloride
Degradation of the Modified Polystyrene by the Treatment with Activated Sludge in Soil
DEGRADATION OF THE MODIFIED POLYSTYRENE DURING TREATMENT WITH ACTIVATED SLUDGE IN SOIL
Biodegradation of Pst-co-BVP(Cl) In Molar Ratio 1:1
Biodegradation of PSt-co-BVP(Cl) in Molar Ratio 2:1
Biodegradation of PSt-co-BVP(Cl) in Molar Ratio 3:1
Biodegradation of PSt-co-BVP(Cl) in Molar Ratio 4:1
Biodegradation of PSt-co-BVP(Cl) in Molar Ratio 5:1
Biodegradation of PSt-co-BVP(Cl) in Molar Ratio 8:1
MODE OF CHAIN SCISSION IN BIODEGRADATION OF THE MODIFIED POLYSTYRENE
INFLUENCE OF SIZE OF OLIGOMER PORTION ON BIODEGRADABILITY OF THE MODIFIED POLYSTYRENE
INTERMEDIATE MATERIALS PRODUCED DURING THE BIODEGRADATION
A VARIETY OF NOTICEABLE UTILITIES OF THE MODIFIED POLYSTYRENE
Removal of Microbes from Water by Filtration
Removal of Viruses from Water by Filtration
Bioreactor with Use of Captured Bacterial Cells
Rapid Determination of Concentration of Viable Bacteria
Coagulation and Sedimentation of Microbes in Water
Control of Soil-borne Plant Diseases
REFERENCES
STUDY OF THE ADHESION MECHANISMS OF PARTICLES ON MODIFIED POLYPROPYLENE: INFLUENCE OF SURFACE PARAMETERS
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
EXPERIMENTAL
Materials and Modification of PP Surfaces
Materials
Irradiation
Grafting Reaction
Characterization of Surface Properties
Infrared Spectroscopy
X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
Contact Angle Measurement and Energy Characteristics of Modified Surfaces
Zeta Potential Measurement
Roughness
Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)
Adhesion of Particles
Observations and Interpretation
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Modification of PP Surfaces
Micrometric PP (PPM)
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
DIRECT FLUORINATION OF POLYSTYRENE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
MATERIALS AND METHODS
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
POLYSTYRENE: PROPERTIES AND IT’S APPLICATIONS IN SENSING PLATFORMS
ABSTRACT
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SENSOR STRUCTURES WITH POLYMERS AS ACTIVE ELEMENTS
Sensing Effects in Polymers [2]
3. POLYSTYRENE AS A POLYMER
Properties of Polystyrene
4. APPLICATIONS OF POLYSTYRENE IN SENSOR PLATFORMS:
Bio-Sensors
Chemical Sensors
Humidity Sensors
pH Sensors
SERS Based Molecule Sensors
REFERENCES
ELECTROSPUN POLYSTYRENE FIBERS AND SUPERHYDROPHOBIC SURFACES
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
FINE STRUCTURE CONTROL OF PS FIBERS
WETTABILITY OF PS MATS
Biomimicry of the Ragwort Leaf Fibers via Electrospinning
MODIFICATION OF THE ELECTROSPINNING PROCESS
MORPHOLOGY OF FIBROUS MATS
COMPOSITION OF FIBROUS MATS
HYDROPHOBICITY OF FIBROUS MATS
MECHANICAL PROPERTY OF FIBROUS MATS
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
COORDINATIVE CHAIN TRANSFER POLYMERIZATION: A POWERFUL TOOL FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF END-FUNCTIONALIZED SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
COORDINATIVE CHAIN TRANSFER POLYMERIZATION
SYNTHESIS OF MAIN GROUP METAL END-CAPPED SYNDIOTACTIC POLYSTYRENE VIA COORDONATIVE CHAIN TRANSFER POLYMERIZATION AND FURTHER DERIVATIZATION
Aluminum Based Chain Transfer Agents
Magnesium Based Chain Transfer Agents
Silicon Based Chain Transfer Agents
Boron Based Chain Transfer Agents
CONCLUSION
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
REFERENCES
INDEX