Polymerization Process Modeling

✍ Scribed by Neil A. Dotson, Rafael Galvan, Robert L. Laurence, Matthew Tirrell

• Publisher: Vch Pub
• Year: 1996
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 387
• Series: Advances in Interfacial Engineering Series
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This volume discusses polymerization process modelling. It covers topics in the fields of polymerization/polymers, chemical engineering, and material science and technology.

✦ Table of Contents

CONTENTS
Nomenclature xiii
1 / Distinctive Features of Polymers and
Polymerization Reactors 1
1.1 Significance and Distinctions of Polymerization
Reactors 1
1.2 Polymers in Bulk and in Solution 5
1.3 Structural Characterization of the Polymer
Backbone 13
1.4 Characterization of Chain Length 18
1.5 Characterization of Chain Architecture 30
1.6 Morphology 32
1.7 Particle Characteristics 32
1.8 Additives 33
1.9 Classification of Mechanisms of
Polymerization 34
Problems 35
References 36
2 / Step Growth Polymerization 39
2.1 Introduction 39
2.2 Paradigm: Linear AB Step Polymerization 40
2.3 Stepwise Chemistries 55
2.4 A2 + B2 Step Polymerization: Stoichiometry 62
2.5 Effect of Monofunctional Agents 77
2.6 Reversible Polymerization 80
2.7 Violation of the Equal Reactivity Assumption 84
2.8 Cyclization 88
Appendix 2A: An Explanation of the Rate Equations
for Step Polymerizations 90
Appendix 2B: Laguerre Polynomials 96
Problems 98
References 100
3 / Chain Growth Polymerization 105
3.1 Introduction 105
3.2 The Paradigm: Ideal Anionic Polymerization 108
3.3 Nonideal Ionic Chain Growth Polymerization 116
3.4 Chemistry of Free-Radical Polymerization 125
3.5 Molecular Weight Distributions in Free-Radical
Polymerization 130
3.6 Physical Effects in Free-Radical
Polymerization 147
3.7 Parameter Estimation 154
Problems 155
References 158
4 / Copolymerization 163
4.1 Introduction 163
4.2 Copolymer Composition: Free-Radical
Copolymerization 165
4.3 Sequence Length: A2 + B2 + C2 Stepwise
Polymerization 174
4.4 Sequence Length Distribution in Free-Radical
Copolymerization 177
4.5 Molecular Weight Distribution 187
4.6 Parameter Estimation and Characterization
Techniques 195
Problems 196
References 200
5 / Nonlinear Polymerization 205
5.1 Introduction: Chemistry of Branching 205
5.2 Paradigm of the Pregel Regime: Aj
Homopolymerization 212
5.3 Pregel Description of Other Chemical Systems 220
5.4 Paradigm of the Postgel Regime: Af
Homopolymerization 224
5.5 Postgel Descriptions of Other Systems 230
5.6 Structure-Property Relations 233
5.7 Critique of Gelation Theory 237
5.8 Long-Chain Branching 241
Problems 250
References 252
6 / Reactor Configuration 259
6.1 Introduction 259
6.2 Homogeneous Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
(HCSTR) 260
6.3 Segregated Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor
(SCSTR) 270
6.4 Tubular Reactors 280
6.5 Reactive Extrusion 286
6.6 Semibatch or Multistep Reactors 291
Problems 296
References 298
x / CONTENTS
7 / Heterogeneous Polymerization 305
7.1 Introduction 305
7.2 Suspension Polymerization 306
7.3 Emulsion Polymerization 312
7A Heterogeneous Coordination (Ziegler-Natta)
Polymerization 337
Problems 349
References 351
Index 359