Polymeric Biomaterials: Fabrication, Properties and Applications

✍ Scribed by Agarwal P., Tripathy D.B., Gupta A., Kuanr B.K. (ed.)

• Publisher: CRC Press
• Year: 2023
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 255
• Series: Emerging Materials and Technologies
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

Biomaterials include a versatile group of molecules that have been designed to interact with biological systems for various applications and polymeric biomaterials are being designed based on their availability and compatibility. This book summarizes fabrication techniques, features, usage, and promising applications of polymeric biomaterials in diversified areas including advantageous industrial applications. Each chapter exclusively covers a distinct application associated with major classes of polymeric biomaterials.

✦ Table of Contents

Cover
Half Title
Emerging Materials and Technologies Series
Polymeric Biomaterials: Fabrication, Properties and Applications
Copyright
Contents
Editor Biographies
Contributors
Preface
1. Polymeric Biomaterials: An Overview
Contents
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Biopolymer Classification
1.2.1 Polyesters
1.2.2 Poly-(Ether Ester)s
1.2.3 Aliphatic Polycarbonates
1.2.4 Polyamides
1.2.5 Poly-(Ester Amide)s
1.2.6 Poly-(Ether Amide)s
1.2.7 Polyurethanes
1.2.8 Vinyl Polymer
1.2.9 Polyanhydrides
1.3 Chemical Characterisation of Biomaterials
1.3.1 FTIR Spectroscopy
1.3.2 Raman Spectroscopy
1.3.3 X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS)
1.3.4 Scattering Techniques
1.3.4.1 X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
1.3.4.2 Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)
1.3.4.3 Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM)
1.3.5 Molecular Weight Measurements
1.3.6 Wettability Behaviour
1.4 Fabrication of Biopolymers With Special Reference to Tissue Engineering and Medical Devices
1.4.1 Tissue Engineering (TE)
1.4.2 3D Scaffold Fabrication for TE
1.4.3 3D Scaffold Fabrication By Lithography and Printing Techniques
1.4.3.1 Photolithography
1.4.3.2 Nanoimprinting Lithography (NIL)
1.4.3.3 Contact Printing
1.4.3.4 Solid Free-Foam 3D Patterning of Polymeric Materials By Ink-Jet Printing
1.4.3.5 Robotic Deposition
1.4.4 3D-Scaffold Fabrication and Patterning By Self-Organisation
1.4.5 3D Scaffolds By Self-Assembly Peptides
1.4.6 Polymeric Biomaterial-Mediated Cell Manipulation
1.4.7 Cartilage
1.4.8 Bone
1.4.9 Neural Tissue Engineering (NTE)
1.5 Recent Polymeric Biomaterials Applications
1.5.1 Biophotonic Applications
1.5.2 Biomaterials for Implants
1.5.3 Piezoelectric Biomaterials
1.5.4 Sensors
1.5.5 Nanofibres for Tissue Engineering
1.5.6 Hybrid Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering
1.5.7 3D Printing
1.5.8 Grafting Techniques
1.5.9 Nerve Tissue Engineering
1.5.10 Biomaterials in the Bio–Water Interface
1.5.11 Cross-Linked Biomaterials
1.5.12 Optoelectronic Biomaterials
1.5.13 Cytocompatible Biomaterials
1.5.14 Electrically Conducting Polymeric Bionanocomposites (ECPBs)
1.5.15 Light-Guiding Biomaterials
1.6 Conclusion
References
2. Polymeric Biomaterials in Drug-Delivery Systems
Contents
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Drug Delivery By Natural Polymers
2.2.1 Arginine Derivatives
2.2.2 Products Derived From Chitosan
2.2.3 Delayed-Release Cyclodextrins
2.3 Polymers Applied to Drug Delivery Conventionally
2.3.1 Systems Controlled By Diffusion
2.3.2 Systems That Are Activated By Solvents
2.3.3 Poly(2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate)
2.3.4 N-Isopropylacrylamide Polymers
2.3.5 Systems Made From Biodegradable Materials
2.3.6 (Ethylenimine) Polymers
2.3.7 Methacrylamide Poly(N-(2-Hydroxypropyl))
2.3.8 Biodegradable and Bioabsorbable Polymers
2.3.9 Pharmaceutical Considerations in Drug Delivery
2.3.10 Delivery Through the Oral Cavity Physiology
2.3.11 Polymer Films Made From Synthetic Polymers
2.3.12 Alginates
2.3.13 Parenteral Delivery Physiology
2.4 Tissue Engineering With Surface-Modified Polymers
2.5 Polymeric Materials
2.6 Polymeric Matrices in Three Dimensions
2.7 Engineering Tissues With Polymers
2.8 Conclusion
References
3. Biopolymers and Their Applications in Biomedicine
Contents
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Classification of Biopolymers
3.2 Tissue Engineering
3.2.1 Medical Adhesive
3.3 Dentistry
3.4 Prostheses and Implantation
3.4.1 Polylactic Acid
3.4.2 Silk
3.4.3 Chitosan
3.4.4 Collagen
3.4.5 Polysaccharides
3.4.5.1 Polysaccharides From Bacterial Sources
3.4.5.2 Polysaccharides From Fungal Sources
3.4.5.3 Polysaccharides From Plant Sources: Starch
3.4.5.4 Graphene-Based Substrates
3.4.5.5 Polysaccharides From Animal Sources
3.4.5.6 N-Acetyl-D-Glucosamine and D-Glucosamine Monosaccharides
3.5 Miniature Medical Devices
3.5.1 Bioresorbable Electronic Patch (BEP)
3.5.2 Local Drug Delivery and Biocompatibility
3.5.3 Wireless Mild-Thermic Actuation for Accelerated Drug Delivery
3.5.4 Evaluation of Therapeutic Efficacy in the Mouse and Canine GBM Models
3.5.5 Therapeutic Efficacy in Women’s Health and Childbirth
3.5.6 Miscellaneous
3.6 Conclusion
References
4. PH and Thermo-Responsive Systems
Contents
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Design of PH-Responsive Biomaterials
4.3 Design of Thermo-Responsive Biomaterials
4.4 Responsive Materials in Drug-Delivery Systems
4.4.1 Internal Regulated Systems
4.4.2 External Regulated Systems
4.5 Tissue Regeneration After Injury
4.5.1 Bioglasses for Cardiac Tissue Regeneration
4.5.2 Composite Biomaterials for Nervous Tissue Regeneration
4.5.3 Treating the Hard-Tissue Interface in Tendons and Ligaments of the Bone Junction By Scaffold
4.5.4 Biomaterials Used in Pulmonary Tissue Regeneration
4.5.5 Biomaterials Used in Neurodegenerative Disorders
4.6 Tailored Structure and Functions
4.7 Conclusion
References
5. A Road to Future Sensors: Polymeric Biomaterials
Contents
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Conducting Biopolymers
5.3 Optical and Electrochemical Sensors
5.4 Layered Double Hydroxides
5.5 Plasma Polymers
5.6 Sensors in Biomedical Systems
5.7 Conclusion
References
6. Biocomposites in Food Packaging
Contents
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Significance of Biocomposites in the Packaging Industry
6.3 Types of Biocomposites
6.3.1 Group 1
6.3.2 Group 2
6.3.3 Group 3
6.4 Antimicrobial Biocomposites
6.4.1 Antimicrobial Agents in Food Packaging
6.4.1.1 Antimicrobial Agents From Organic Sources
6.4.1.2 Antimicrobial Agents From Metallic Sources
6.4.2 Active Antimicrobial Packaging
6.4.2.1 Active Films With Protein
6.5 Use of Biomolecules in Food Packaging
6.5.1 Lipids
6.5.1.1 Lipids in Edible Film
6.5.2 Protein
6.5.3 Protein-Based Edible Coatings
6.5.4 Polysaccharides
6.5.4.1 Polysaccharides of Plant Origin
6.5.4.2 Polysaccharides of Animal Origin
6.5.4.3 Polysaccharides of Bacterial Origin
6.5.5 Complex Biopolymers
6.5.5.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
6.5.5.2 Polylactic Acid (PLA)
6.6 Commercial Products
6.6.1 Biocomposite-Based Trays and Films
6.6.2 Biocomposite-Based Bags and Pouches
References
7. Polymeric Biomaterial: As Corrosion Protector
Contents
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Green Materials as Coatings
7.2.1 Epoxy
7.2.2 Polyurethane
7.2.2.1 Using Renewable Resources
7.2.2.2 Removing VOCs
7.2.3 Polyesters/Alkyds
7.2.4 Hybrid Coatings
7.3 Metallic Biomaterials as Anticorrosive Agents
7.4 Synthesis and Applications
7.4.1 Synthesis
7.4.2 Applications
References
8. New Emerging Trends in Polymeric Biomaterials in Textile Industries
Contents
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Emerging Biopolymers
8.2.1 Soybean Fibre
8.2.2 Poly(alkylenedicarboxylate)
8.2.3 Biodegradable Polyurethanes (PURs)
8.2.3.1 Clothing
8.2.3.2 Apparatuses
8.2.3.3 Vehicles
8.2.3.4 Building and Construction
8.2.3.5 Blended Wood
8.2.3.6 Devices
8.2.3.7 Flooring
8.2.3.8 Products
8.2.3.9 Marine
8.2.3.10 Clinical
8.2.3.11 Bundling
8.2.4 Polylactic Acid (PLA)
8.2.5 Bacterial Polyesters
8.2.6 Sodium Alginate Fibre
8.2.7 Chitin and Chitosan
8.2.7.1 Chitosan in Antibacterial Finishing of Substances
8.2.7.2 Chitosan in Substance Colouring and Wrapping Up
8.2.8 Sorona
8.2.9 Cellulose Nanocomposites
8.2.10 Starch Nanocomposites
8.2.11 Chitosan Nanocomposites
8.2.12 Polylactic Acid (PLA) Nanocomposites
8.3 Characterisation Methods
8.3.1 Characterisation of Biopolymers
8.3.1.1 Morphology
8.3.1.2 Molecular Mass Measurements
8.3.1.3 Examination of Molecular Structure
8.4 Applications of Biopolymers in Making Textiles for Various Industries
8.5 Need for Biodegradable Polymers in the Textile Industry
8.5.1 Specific Advantages of Biopolymers
8.6 Conclusion
References
9. Water and Soil Remediation
Contents
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Carbon-Based Nanocomposites
9.2.1 Graphene-Based Nanocomposites
9.2.2 Carbon Nanotube-Based Nanocomposites
9.3 Cellulose-Based Nanocomposites
9.3.1 Cellulose-Based Nanomaterials as Adsorbents
9.3.1.1 Heavy Metal Ion Adsorption
9.3.1.2 Dye Adsorption
9.3.2 Cellulose-Based Nanomaterials as Nanomembranes
9.4 Protein-Based Nanocomposites
9.4.1 Protein-Based Nanoadsorbents
9.4.2 Protein-Based Nanomembranes
9.5 Hydrogels
9.6 Conclusion
References
10. Environmental Adequacy of Green Polymers and Biomaterials
Contents
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Synthetic Polymers
10.2.1 Effects of Synthetic Polymers On Human Health
10.2.2 Effects of Synthetic Polymers On the Environment
10.3 Bioavailability
10.4 Sustainability
10.5 Biodegradation
10.6 Waste Management
10.7 Recycling
10.8 Future Challenges
10.9 Conclusion
References
11. Biorefinery Green Polymeric Approaches for Value-Added Products
Contents
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Historical Perspective
11.3 Biorefinery Resources
11.3.1 Microalgal Biomass
11.3.2 Industrial Waste Residues
11.4 Pretreatment Methods
11.4.1 Upstream Processing
11.4.2 Downstream Processing
11.5 Cultivation and Harvesting
11.5.1 Separation Techniques
11.5.2 Filtration
11.5.3 Sedimentation
11.5.4 Flotation
11.5.5 Ultrasonication
11.5.6 Centrifugation
11.6 Extraction and Purification
11.6.1 Freeze Drying
11.6.2 Osmotic Shock
11.6.3 Detergent Treatment
11.6.4 Alkalis
11.6.5 Organic Solvents
11.6.6 Precipitation
11.6.7 Chromatography
11.7 Value-Added Products
11.7.1 Biodiesel
11.7.2 Physicochemical Properties
11.7.3 Biodiesel From Edible and Non-Edible Oils
11.7.4 Biodiesel From Animal Fats
11.7.5 Biodiesel From Microalgal Biomass
11.8 Bioplastics
11.8.1 Bioplastics From Green Biorefinery
11.8.2 Bioplastics From Microalgae
11.9 Conclusion
Acknowledgment
References
Index