โ Scribed by Ismail M. El-Gamal; Ahmed M. Al-Sabbagh
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
Propenoxylated tetraethylenepentamine adduct was prepared by the reaction of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) with propylene oxide (PO). Four a-olefin-maleic anhydride copolymers (OMACs) previously synthesized were esterified with the synthesized adduct successively. They were also subjected to esterification with saturated long-chain alcohol blend NAFOL 20 + and amidation with TEPA. The prepared polymeric products were purified and characterized, then evaluated for improving the cold flow properties of a waxy gas oil blend and Umbarka waxy crude. In addition, they were compared with a commercial wax dispersant. The results show the high efficiency of these additives in improving the flowability of both distillate fuel and crude, while the filterability of the gas oil blend was slightly ameliorated. The results are interpreted on the basis of the structure of the additives and distillate composition.
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Measurements leading to the calculation of the standard thermodynamic properties for gaseous diphenylsulfide (Chemical Abstract registry number [139-66-2)] are reported. Experimental methods included combustion calorimetry, adiabatic heat-capacity calorimetry, vibrating-tube densitometry, comparativ
Polymers of individual and mixed normal C12, C14, CI6, and CIS a-olefins are synthesized, purified, and then characterized. The performance of poly-a-olefins is assessed for improving the cold flow properties of a local gas oil in terms of cloud-point and pour-point depression. Results show that pol