Polymer-graphene nanocomposites

✍ Scribed by Vikas Mittal

• Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry
• Year: 2012
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 280
• Series: RSC nanoscience & nanotechnology, 26
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

"Graphene is an emerging material for generating polymer nanocomposites. Its heat conducting properties are greater than any other material, yet so dense not even helium can pass through its honeycomb lattice. The inclusion of small amounts of graphene to polymer matrices has the possibility of significantly improving their electrical, barrier and mechanical properties. Since the Nobel prize for Physics was awarded in 2010 for the isolation of graphene there has been an explosion in graphene research and the discovery of new applications. This book discusses the current state-of-the-art in graphene nanocomposites with expertise drawn from across the globe. Insights into the functionalisation of graphene are presented, in the context of various polymer systems, along with appropriate methodologies to be adopted. Grasping this view from several active researchers in the field gives the editor the opportunity to look where future trends are heading. This is an important handbook for anyone wishing to get a comprehensive view of the field and bring established methodologies into their laboratory and will benefit post-graduate students and established researchers alike."-- Read more... Content: Graphene functionalization: A review; Gelation of Graphene Oxide; Electrically Conductive Polymer - Graphene composites prepared using Latex Technology; Polymer/graphene nanocomposites by living polymerization (RAFT) in miniemulsion; In-situ Polymerization in the Presence of Graphene; Microstructure and Properties of Compatibilized Polyethylene-Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites; pH Sensitive Graphene Polymer Nanocomposites; Dispersible Graphene Oxide-Polymer Nanocomposites; Graphene/conducting polymer nanocomposites prepared by interfacial polymerisation; Crystallization properties of isotactic polypropylene/graphene nanocomposites Abstract: This is an important handbook for anyone wishing to get a comprehensive view of graphene nanocomposites and bring established methodologies into their laboratory. Read more...

✦ Table of Contents

Contents......Page 8
1.1 Introduction......Page 14
1.2.1 Mechanical Cleavage......Page 16
1.2.2 Reduction of Graphene Oxide......Page 18
1.2.3 Chemical Vapour Deposition......Page 25
1.2.4 Synthesis of Graphene Nanoribbons (GNRs)......Page 27
1.2.5 Other Methods......Page 30
1.3.1 Functionalization of Graphene with Organic Species......Page 32
1.3.2 Functionalization of Graphene with Macromolecules......Page 37
1.3.3 Functionalization of Graphene with Inorganic Nanoparticles (INPs)......Page 43
1.4 Functionalized Graphene–Polymer Nanocomposites (FPNs)......Page 48
1.4.2 Mechanical Properties......Page 49
1.4.3 Electrical Properties......Page 51
1.4.4 Thermal Properties......Page 52
1.5 Conclusions and Perspective......Page 55
References......Page 57
2.1 Introduction......Page 65
2.2.1 Acid-Induced Gelation......Page 66
2.2.2 Cross-linker-Induced Gelation......Page 68
2.3.1 Hydrothermal or Solvothermal Reduction......Page 73
2.3.3 Electrochemical Reduction......Page 75
References......Page 76
3.1 Introduction......Page 79
3.2 Fundamentals of Latex Technology......Page 80
3.2.1 In Situ Polymerization and Heterocoagulation Strategies......Page 83
3.3 Graphene–Polymer Composites via Latex Technology......Page 85
3.4 Graphene–Polymer Composite Production: An Overview......Page 88
3.5 Industrial Relevance......Page 89
3.6 Conclusion......Page 94
References......Page 95
4.1 Introduction......Page 99
4.2 Synthesis of PGNs Based on Functionalized Graphene......Page 100
4.3 Miniemulsion Polymerization......Page 102
4.3.1 Miniemulsion Versus Emulsion Polymerization......Page 103
4.3.2 Typical Miniemulsion Formulations......Page 104
4.3.3 Preparation of Miniemulsions......Page 105
4.3.4 Initiators Used in Miniemulsions......Page 106
4.3.5 Miniemulsion Polymerization for the Synthesis of PGNs......Page 107
4.4 Conventional Free Radical Polymerization Versus Controlled/Living Radical Polymerization......Page 108
4.5 Fundamentals of CLRP......Page 109
4.6.1 NMP......Page 110
4.6.2 ATRP......Page 111
4.6.3 RAFT-Mediated Polymerization......Page 112
4.7 RAFT-Mediated Emulsion Polymerization Versus Miniemulsion Polymerization......Page 113
4.8 Synthesis of PGNs Using the RAFT Process in Miniemulsion......Page 114
4.9.1 FT-IR and Solubility Analysis......Page 116
4.9.2 TEM Analysis......Page 118
4.9.3 XRD Analysis......Page 119
4.9.4 SEC Analysis......Page 120
4.9.5 Mechanical Properties......Page 121
4.9.6 Thermal Stability......Page 123
4.10 Conclusions......Page 124
References......Page 125
5.1 Introduction......Page 130
5.2 Polyaniline (PANI)......Page 131
5.3 Polypyrrole (PPy)......Page 134
5.4 Epoxy......Page 137
5.5 Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)......Page 138
5.6 Polystyrene (PS)......Page 139
5.7 Polyurethane (PU)......Page 143
5.8 Other Polymers......Page 144
References......Page 145
6.1 Introduction......Page 154
6.2.2 Preparation of Graphite Oxide and Graphene Oxide......Page 157
6.2.4 Material Characterization......Page 158
6.3 Results and Discussion......Page 159
References......Page 172
7.1 Introduction......Page 175
7.2.1 Covalent Bonding......Page 177
7.2.2 Non-Covalent Interactions......Page 178
7.3.1 Sensors and Detection Devices......Page 180
7.3.2 Catalysis and Cells......Page 183
7.3.3 Supercapacitors......Page 184
7.3.4 Drug Delivery......Page 185
7.3.5 Others......Page 186
References......Page 187
8.1 Introduction......Page 192
8.2 Covalently Functionalized Graphene Oxide–Polymer Nanocomposites......Page 193
8.3 The ‘Grafting from’ Approach......Page 195
8.4 The ‘Grafting to’ Approach......Page 202
8.5 Non-Covalent Functionalization of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets......Page 209
8.6 Summary and Future Challenges......Page 216
References......Page 217
9.1 Introduction......Page 224
9.2 Conducting Polymers......Page 225
9.2.1 Polyaniline (PANI)......Page 226
9.3 Graphene–Polyaniline Nanocomposites......Page 227
9.4 Graphene–Polyaniline Nanocomposites Through Interfacial Polymerization......Page 228
9.5 Conclusion and Final Remarks......Page 236
References......Page 237
10.1 Introduction......Page 240
10.2 Intrachain Conformational Ordering of iPP–Graphene Nanocomposites......Page 242
10.3.1 Crystallization Under Quiescent Conditions......Page 248
10.3.2 Crystallization Under Shear Flow......Page 249
10.3.3 Combined Effect of GNSs and Shear Flow on Crystallization of iPP......Page 258
References......Page 262
Subject Index......Page 265