Pollution Control Technologies: Current Status and Future Prospects (Energy, Environment, and Sustainability)

✍ Scribed by Swatantra P. Singh (editor), Karthik Rathinam (editor), Tarun Gupta (editor), Avinash Kumar Agarwal (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 298
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This monograph is based on pollution control technologies available to deal with water and air pollution. It includes removal of variety of pollutants including arsenic, chromium, uranium, pesticides and arsenic from water using adsorption technique. In addition, this book deals with the sampling and removal of microplastics using various techniques. The contents also focus on the role of membrane technology in water and wastewater treatment, and particulate matter air pollution and its control techniques. This volume will be a useful guide for researchers, academics and scientists.

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✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
1 Pollution Control Technologies: Current Status and Future Prospects
Abstract
1.1 Introduction
2 Remediation of Persistent Organic Pesticides from Wastewater Matrices—Present and Future Conceptions
Abstract
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Types of Pesticides
2.3 Non-biodegradable and Biodegradable Pesticides
2.4 Utilization of Pesticides All Over the World
2.5 Effects of Pesticides
2.6 Exposures to Pesticides
2.6.1 Intentional Exposure
2.6.2 Occupational Exposure
2.6.3 Non-occupational Exposure
2.7 Health Effects Associated with Pesticides
2.7.1 Cancer in Children
2.7.2 Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL)
2.7.3 Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
2.7.4 Reproductive Disorders
2.7.5 Respiratory Disorders
2.8 Various Methods Involved in Pesticide Removal
2.8.1 Physical Methods
2.8.1.1 Adsorption
2.8.2 Chemical Methods
2.8.2.1 Degradation
2.8.2.2 Photocatalytic Degradation
2.8.2.3 Oxidative Degradation
2.8.2.4 Electrochemical Method
2.8.3 Biological Method
2.8.3.1 Microorganisms
2.8.4 Material Used for the Removal of Pesticides
2.8.4.1 Nanomaterials
2.9 Conclusion
References
3 Uranium(VI) Ions Removal from the Aqueous Environment: Current Treatment Technologies and Its Future Prospects
Abstract
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Radioactive Pollution
3.2.1 Classification of Techniques
3.2.1.1 Adsorption
3.2.1.2 Reduction
3.2.1.3 Chemical Precipitation
3.2.1.4 Ion Exchange
3.2.1.5 Evaporation Process
3.2.1.6 Electroremediation Technique
3.2.1.7 Membrane Process
3.2.1.8 Biological Process
3.3 Risk Evaluation and Progress of Future Strategies
3.4 Conclusion
References
4 A Study on Different Bioremediation Approaches to Hexavalent Chromium
Abstract
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Chromium Toxicity and Contamination
4.3 Chromium Reduction by Different Methods
4.3.1 Physical and Chemical Methods
4.3.2 Biological Methods
4.3.2.1 Bioremediation by Fungi
4.3.2.2 Bioremediation by Bacteria
4.3.2.3 Bioremediation Using Algae
4.4 Mechanism of Cr Reduction by Microbes
4.5 Cr Removal by Constructed Wetlands
4.6 Biostimulation
4.7 Pilot-Scale Studies
4.8 Future Perspectives in Chromium Removal
4.9 Conclusion
References
5 Dissolved Arsenic in Groundwater Bodies: A Short Review of Remediation Technologies
Abstract
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Properties, Occurrence, and Sources of Arsenic
5.3 Arsenic Speciation
5.4 Origin of Arsenic in Groundwater Resources
5.5 Arsenic Toxicity and Health Effects
5.6 Arsenic Problems Across the World
5.7 Water Quality Criteria and Standards
5.8 Arsenic Remediation Technologies
5.8.1 Coagulation
5.8.2 Adsorption
5.8.3 Membrane Filtration
5.8.4 Capacitive Deionization
5.8.5 Phytoremediation
5.9 Methods of Arsenic Removal Practiced in India and Bangladesh
5.10 Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
6 Occurrence, Fate, and Removal of Microplastics in Sewage Treatment Plants (STPs)
Abstract
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Overview of Plastic Pollution
6.3 Determination and Characterization of MPs in Sewage
6.3.1 Sample Collection Techniques
6.3.2 MPs Extraction and Purification Methods
6.3.3 MPs Detection and Analysis Techniques
6.4 Occurrence and Morphology of MPs in STPs
6.5 Fate and Removal of MPs at Different Treatment Stages in STPs
6.6 Release of MPs into the Environment via STPs
6.7 Advanced Techniques for MPs Removal
6.8 Conclusions
References
7 Membrane Technology for Desalination and Wastewater Recycling
Abstract
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Membrane Technology vs. Conventional Water Treatment
7.3 Membrane Filtration
7.3.1 Types of Membranes
7.3.2 Types of Pressure-Driven Membrane
7.3.3 Fabrication of Membranes
7.3.4 Problems of Membrane Technology
7.4 New-Generation Membranes
7.4.1 Aquaporin
7.4.2 Graphene
7.4.3 Hybrid Membranes
7.4.4 Catalytic Membranes
7.5 Conclusion
References
8 Forward Osmosis in Desalination and Wastewater Treatment
Abstract
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Forward Osmosis Principle
8.2.1 Other Membrane-Based Processes
8.3 Forward Osmosis Membrane
8.3.1 Membrane Materials
8.3.2 Membrane Development
8.4 Draw Solution
8.4.1 Draw Solution for Wastewater Treatment
8.4.2 Draw Solution Recovery System
8.5 Effect of Temperature and pH
8.6 Membrane Module Configuration
8.6.1 Plate and Frame
8.6.2 Spiral Wound Module
8.6.3 Tubular Module
8.6.4 Hollow Fiber Module
8.7 Membrane Fouling
8.8 Contribution of FO in Desalination and Wastewater Treatment
8.8.1 Direct Desalination
8.8.2 Indirect System
8.8.3 Wastewater Treatment
8.9 Advantages of the FO Process in Desalination and Wastewater Treatment
8.10 Conclusion
References
9 Food Processing Wastewater Treatment: Current Practices and Future Challenges
Abstract
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Literature Review Methodology
9.3 Characteristics of Food Industry Wastewater
9.3.1 Dairy Industry Wastewater
9.3.2 Slaughterhouses and Cattle Industry Wastewater
9.3.3 Poultry Industry Wastewater
9.3.4 Alcohol Fermentation Industry Wastewater
9.3.5 Edible Oil Industry Wastewater
9.3.6 Confectionary, Fruit Juice & Sugar Industry Wastewater
9.4 Food Industry Wastewater Treatment Technology
9.4.1 Physical and Chemical Processes
9.4.1.1 Coagulation–Flocculation-Based Processes
9.4.1.2 Adsorption-Based Processes
9.4.1.3 Advanced Oxidation Processes
Electrochemical Coagulation
Fenton-Based Processes
Ozonation
Photocatalysis
Hybrid Processes
9.4.2 Biological Treatments (Bioremediation/Biodegradation)
9.4.2.1 Anaerobic Treatments
9.4.2.2 Aerobic Treatments
9.4.3 Emerging Food Industry Wastewater Treatments
9.4.3.1 Biofilm Technology
9.4.3.2 Membrane Filtration
Ultrafiltration (UF)
Nanofiltration (NF)
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
9.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
References
10 Energy Analysis of Wastewater Infrastructure
Abstract
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Wastewater-Energy Nexus in a WWS
10.2.1 WWS as an Energy Sink
10.2.2 WWS as an Energy Source
10.3 Energy Optimization in WWS
10.4 Energy Production and Recovery in WWS
10.5 Energy Self-sufficiency in WWS
10.6 Energy Assessment in WWS
10.7 Conclusions
References
11 Prediction of Hospital Visits for Respiratory Morbidity Due to Air Pollutants in Lucknow
Abstract
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Materials and Methods
11.2.1 Study Area
11.2.2 Hospital Data
11.2.3 Pollutant and Meteorological Data
11.2.4 Data Formatting
11.2.5 Data Analysis
11.3 Results and Discussions
11.3.1 Causation Analysis
11.3.2 Random Forest Regression Model
11.3.3 Individual Pollutant and Confounders Effect on Respiratory Morbidity
11.3.4 Synergistic Effect of Pollutants
11.4 Conclusions
References
12 Technologies for Controlling Particulate Matter Emissions from Industries
Abstract
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Overview of Air Pollution Control Strategies
12.2.1 Source Control
12.2.2 Air Quality Regulation
12.2.3 Air Pollution Control Equipment
12.3 Existing Control Technologies for Particulate Matter
12.3.1 Gravity Settlers
12.3.2 Cyclones
12.3.2.1 Parameters Affecting Performance of a Cyclone
12.3.3 Electrostatic Precipitator (ESP)
12.3.3.1 Parameters Affecting Efficiency of an ESP
12.3.4 Baghouse Filters
12.3.4.1 Parameters Affecting Efficiency of a Baghouse Filter
12.3.5 Wet Scrubbers
12.4 Particulate Matter Emissions from Industries
12.4.1 Cement Industry
12.4.2 Iron and Steel Industry
12.4.3 Coal-Fired Power Plants
12.5 Emerging Technologies to Control Particulate Matter
12.5.1 Self-priming Venturi Scrubbers
12.5.2 Wet Electrostatic Scrubbers
12.5.3 Wet Electrostatic Precipitators (WESP)
12.5.4 High-Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) Filters
12.5.5 Electrostatically Assisted Fabric Filtration
12.6 Current Emerging Air Pollution Challenges
12.6.1 Indoor Air Pollution
12.6.2 Outdoor Air Pollution
12.6.3 Biological Aerosols
12.7 Conclusion
References