Police and International Peacekeeping Missions: Securing Peace and Post-conflict Rule of Law

✍ Scribed by Garth den Heyer (editor), James F. Albrecht (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2021
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 283
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This edited volume examines the experiences and the roles of the police deployed on peacekeeping and intervention missions in Afghanistan, Bougainville, Cyprus, Haiti, Kosovo, Namibia, Solomon Islands, Timor Leste, and Ukraine.

Despite the extensive literature that has examined the role of the military in peacekeeping and intervention operations, little literature or information that investigates the role and the work of the police or the methods that they use to assist in the reformation of local police is available. This book provides an overview of the history and role of the police in peacekeeping missions, and discusses the principle factors of police reform and development in post-conflict nations. It includes case studies assessing the background of the conflict and the police deployments, as well as their role, contributions, and achievements.

Including two in-depth surveys of police officer experiences on peacekeeping missions, this volume will be of great value to policing researchers and law enforcement leadership, police historians, and students and researchers of post-conflict development.

✦ Table of Contents

Foreword
Contents
About the Authors
Part I: Introduction to the Police in International Peacekeeping
Chapter 1: Introduction to International Peacekeeping and Post-Conflict Democratic Reform
Introduction
Peacekeeping and Its Continual Evolution
Police Reform as a Component of Peacekeeping
The Increase in the Involvement of the Police in Peacekeeping and Nation Building
The Problems of Civilian Police and Peacekeeping
The Change in the Role of Police Peacekeeping Missions
The Issue of Police-Building
The Structure of This Book
Conclusion
References
Chapter 2: Police Reform and Development Within the Context of Peacekeeping Deployments
Introduction
A Short History of International Peacekeeping Endeavors
Reforming Police Organizations in Post-Conflict Nations
The Weaknesses in Transnational Police Building and Capacity Development
The Limitations in the Current Method of Providing Assistance to Post-Conflict Nations
Post-Conflict Police Reform
The Approach Taken to Reform Police
The Problems in Implementing Police Reform
The Use of the Gendarmerie in Post-Conflict Nations
Conclusion
References
Part II: The New Zealand Police Role in Post-conflict Peacekeeping Missions
Chapter 3: The Role of the New Zealand Police in International Peacekeeping and in Providing Post-Conflict Assistance
Introduction
Background
The New Zealand Approach to International Peacekeeping
New Zealand’s Decision-Making Process
Rationale for Contributing Staff and Resources to International Peacekeeping Missions
Constraints to Contributing to United Nations Peacekeeping Missions
Challenges to Contributing to United Nations Peacekeeping Missions
The New Zealand Police
Problems with International Deployments
The Problem of Borrowing Personnel
The Problem of Funding Deployed Personnel
The Beginning: Cyprus (1964–1967)
Namibia (1989–1990)
Conclusion
References
Chapter 4: The Role of the New Zealand Police in Police Reform and International Peacekeeping in Afghanistan
Introduction
Police Reform in Afghanistan
The New Zealand Police Mission to Afghanistan
Reconnaissance Mission to Afghanistan
The Mission – Operation Highland
Security During the First Deployment
Proposed Changes to New Zealand Police Deployments
September 2005, Review of New Zealand Police Deployment to Afghanistan
Early Training and Other Achievements
The Evolving Mission
Closure of Operation Highland
Assessment of the Mission
References
Chapter 5: New Zealand Police Peacekeeping Operations in Bougainville, Papua New Guinea
Introduction
Policing in Bougainville Following the Establishment of the “Truce”
New Zealand Police Role in Bougainville
Bougainville Community Policing Project Phases 1–3
Bougainville Community Policing Project Phase 4
Phase 4: Management and Monitoring Strategies
Bougainville Community Policing Project Phase 5
Conclusion
References
Chapter 6: New Zealand Police Rule of Law Reform Efforts in the Solomon Islands
Introduction
The Conflict and Its Origin
The First Steps in Resolving the Conflict
The Royal Solomon Islands Police Force
The Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands (RAMSI)
Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands: Phase 1
Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands: Phase 2
Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands: Phase 3
The Participating Police Force
The Strategy of the Participating Police Force
The Success of the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands
Conclusion of the RAMSI
References
Chapter 7: The New Zealand Police Peacekeeping Deployment in Timor-Leste
Introduction
Missions to East Timor/Timor-Leste
The United Nations Mission in East Timor (UNAMET): June to October 1999
Timor-Leste (1999–2002): United Nations Transitional Administration in East Timor (UNTAET)
New Zealand Police and UNTAET
Timor-Leste (2002–2005): United Nations Mission of Support in East Timor (UNMISET)
Timor-Leste (May 2005–August 2006): United Nations Office in Timor-Leste (UNOTIL)
Timor-Leste (2006–2012): United Nations Mission in Timor-Leste (UNMIT)
New Zealand Police: Operation TUITUIA (2006–2012)
Post 2012: The New Zealand Police Timor-Leste Community Policing Program
Assessment of the Missions to Timor-Leste and the New Zealand Police’s Role
Conclusion
References
Part III: The Role of the Canadian Police in Post-conflict Peacekeeping Missions
Chapter 8: Contributions of the Canadian Police in International Peacekeeping Missions
Introduction
United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG)
United Nations Verification Mission in Guatemala (MINUGUA)
United Nations Transitional Authority for East-Timor (UNTAET)
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) in Afghanistan
United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH)
Conclusion
References
Part IV: Europe
Chapter 9: The Role of Police Reform in Conflict Resolution in Ukraine’s Donbas Region
Introduction
Conflict Resolution in Ukraine
Internal Conflict
Police Reform Process
Pre-reform Militia
Reform Focuses on Police–Public Interaction
Impact of Police Reform on Conflict Resolution
Territorial Community Police Officers
Conclusion
References
Chapter 10: Enhancing Law Enforcement and Criminal Justice within Kosovo: Evaluating the Challenges in Rule of Law Reform in a Post-conflict Developing Democracy
History of Kosovo
The United Nations-Administered Kosovo
The Ahtisaari Proposal
European Union Involvement
The “Russian Roadblock”
The European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo
The European Union Institute for Security Studies Evaluation of EULEX
Rand Corporation Analysis of European Union Post-Conflict Involvement
Criminality and Safety within Kosovo
Organized Crime Activity within Kosovo
Corruption within Kosovo
Recommendations for Kosovo to Move Forward
Summary and Conclusion
References
Part V: The Americas
Chapter 11: Challenges and Lessons Learned in United Nations Mentoring of Local Police in Haiti 2009–2010
Introduction
A Brief History of Haiti
Enter the United Nations
UNPOL Monitoring and Executive Mission
UNPOL Mission Mandates
MINUSTAH Mission
UNPOL Mentoring
Mentoring Challenges and Lessons Learned in Les Cayes
Broad-Spectrum Mentoring
Lack of Consistency in Doctrine
Understanding Reform in the Local Cultural Context
Failure to Understand Needs
Assignment as the Les Cayes Deputy Regional Commander
The Importance of Creating Relationships in Mentoring
Make Them Want What You Want to Give Them
Demonstrate Basic Tactics in the Field to Build Credibility
Lack of Executive Authority
Length of Mission
Strategic Vision
Institutional Knowledge and Relationships
Conclusion
References
Part VI: International Police Peacekeeper Perspectives from the Field
Chapter 12: Complex Acculturation – The Hidden Cultural Challenge in United Nations Police Missions
Introduction
Overview of United Nations Police
The Modern Era of Peacekeeping
UNPOL Mission Mandates
Staffing of UNPOL Missions
UNPOL Officer Duties
Monitoring
Mentoring
Advisors
Mission Support and Leadership
Cultural Training in UNPOL Missions
UNPOL Mission Effectiveness
Expatriate Acculturation
UNPOL Adjustment
UNPOL Officers Are in Fact Expatriate Workers
The Missing Link
The UNPOL Experience and Complex Acculturation
The UNPOL Experience – First Mission
Sources of Cross-Cultural Conflict
Cross-Cultural Communication in an UNPOL Mission
Complex Acculturation and UNPOL Efficiency
Complex Acculturation as a Construct
Conclusion
References
Chapter 13: Community Conflict Associated with PTSD and Negative Outcomes for United Nations Police Officers
Introduction
Methodology
Measurement of Variables
The New Community to Police Conflict Scale (CPCS)
PTSD Symptoms
Health Concerns
Alcohol Abuse
Chronic Anger
Job Stress
Probability of Leaving Police Work
The New Police Subculture Scale (PSS)
Survey Results
Conclusion
References
Chapter 14: An Analysis of the Experiences of Police Officers in Post-conflict Peacekeeping Missions: the New Zealand Police Perspectives
Introduction
The Survey Return Rate
Characteristics of Respondents
Deployment Training
In Mission Training
Mission Role and Performance Measures
Mission Achievements
Personal Achievements
Conclusion
References
Part VII: Concluding Comments
Chapter 15: The Policing of Post-Conflict Nations and Regions
Introduction
A Critique of Policing within Peacekeeping Missions
The Police Reform Model
Measuring the Success of Police Reform
Evaluation of the Police Contribution to Peacekeeping
References
Chapter 16: Afterword: Final Thoughts About International Policing and Peacekeeping
Introduction
The Weaknesses and Challenges in the Approach to Peacekeeping
Suggestions for Future Police Peacekeeping Deployments
Conclusions
References
Index