β Scribed by Syun-Ichi Akasofu (auth.)
No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.
It has become increasingly clear that the magnetosphere becomes intermittently unstable and explosively releases a large amount of energy into the polar upper atmosΒ phere. This particular magnetospheric phenomenon is called the magnetospheric subΒ storm. It is manifested as an activity or disturbance ofvarious polar upper atmospheric phenomena, such as intense auroral displays and X-ray bursts. Highly active conditions in the polar upper atmosphere result from a successive occurrence of such an elementΒ ary activity, the polar substorm, which lasts typically of order one to three hours. The concept of the magnetospheric substorm and its manifestation in the polar upper atmosphere, the polar substorm, has rapidly crystallized during the last few years. We can find a hint of such a concept in the term 'polar elementary storm' introduced by Kristian Birkeland as early as 1908. However, we are greatly indebted to Sydney Chapman, who established the basic foundation of magnetospheric physics and has led researches in this field during the last half century. Indeed, the terms 'polar magnetic substorm' and 'auroral substorm' were first suggested by Sydney Chapman. The concept of the substorm was then soon extended by Neil M. Brice of Cornell University, and Kinsey A. Anderson and his colleagues at the University ofCaliforrlia, Berkeley, who introduced the term 'magnetospheric substorm'. We owe many of these recent developments in magnetospheric physics to the great international enterprise, the International Geophysical Year (IGY) and subseΒ quent international cooperative effort (IGC, IQSY).
Front Matter....Pages I-XVIII
Introduction....Pages 1-21
Auroral Substorm and Associated Magnetic Disturbances....Pages 22-48
Polar Magnetic Substorm....Pages 49-72
Ionospheric Substorm....Pages 73-109
X-Ray Substorm....Pages 110-125
Proton Aurora Substorm....Pages 126-139
VLF Emission Substorm....Pages 140-154
Micropulsation Substorm....Pages 155-173
Satellite Observations during Polar Substorms....Pages 174-211
Magnetospheric Substorm....Pages 212-253
Back Matter....Pages 255-280
Astrophysics and Astroparticles
π SIMILAR VOLUMES
<img height="34" width="91" src="http://media.wiley.com/assets/7143/33/agu_logo.jpg" /></p><h6 xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">About The Product</h6><p xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the <i>Geophysical Monograph Series</i>. </p><p xml
<p>Man, through intensive observations of natural phenomena, has learned about some of the basic principles which govern nature. The aurora is one of the most fascinating of these natural phenomena, and by studying it, man has just begun to comprehend auroral phenomena in terms of basic cosmic elect
The magnetosphere is the region where cosmic rays and the solar wind interact with the Earth's magnetic field, creating such phenomena as the northern lights and other aurorae. The configuration and dynamics of the magnetosphere are of interest to planetary physicists, geophysicists, plasma astrophy
The magnetosphere is the region where cosmic rays and the solar wind interact with the Earth's magnetic field, creating such phenomena as the northern lights and other aurorae. The configuration and dynamics of the magnetosphere are of interest to planetary physicists, geophysicists, plasma astrophy
<p><b>An overview of current knowledge and future research directions in magnetospheric physics</b></p> <p>In the six decades since the term 'magnetosphere' was first introduced, much has been theorized and discovered about the magnetized space surrounding each of the bodies in our solar system. Eac