Plastics waste management processing and disposal

✍ Scribed by Muralisrinivasan, Natamai Subramanian

Publisher: Wiley
Year: 2019
Tongue: English
Leaves: 262
Edition: Second edition
Category: Library

No coin nor oath required. For personal study only.

✦ Synopsis

"Within a specifc ecological-economic system, each material is generally connected to and also dependent on others. Moreover, plastics contribute to the overall integrity of this life system. However, since all plastics contribute to the functional scheme of things in waste generation, it is undoubtedly a very important issue. In particular, plastics provide key applications that are also unique; without plastics, the underlying ecological-economic system would be very different"-

✦ Table of Contents

Preface xiii1 Introduction 1References 42 Plastics and Additives 72.1 Polymers 72.2 Plastics 82.3 Plastics Raw Material 92.4 Thermoplastics 92.4.1 Polyolefin 102.4.1.1 Polyethylene 112.4.1.2 Polypropylene 122.4.1.3 Polystyrene 142.4.1.4 Polyvinyl Chloride 142.4.2 Polyester 162.4.3 Polycarbonate 172.4.4 Polyamide 182.4.5 Biodegradable Plastics 182.5 Thermosets 192.5.1 Phenol-formaldehyde 202.5.2 Unsaturated Polyester 202.6 Additives 202.6.1 Antioxidants 222.6.2 Slip Additives 222.6.3 Ultraviolet Stabilizers 232.6.4 Heat Stabilizers 232.6.5 Plasticizers 242.6.6 Lubricants 252.6.7 Flame Retardants 252.6.8 Mold Release Agents 262.6.9 Nucleating Agents 282.6.10 Fillers 292.7 Plastics - Applications 292.8 Remarks 30References 303 Plastics and Environment 353.1 Plastics and Conventional Materials - Comparison 353.2 Effects of Plastics Products and Environment 373.3 Landsite Effects 373.4 Chemical Environment 373.5 Marine Environment 383.6 Packaging Materials 403.7 Agricultural Fields 403.8 Waste Accumulation 413.9 Degradation of Plastics 413.9.1 Process Degradation 413.9.2 Environmental Degradation 433.10 Environmental Burdens 443.11 Industrial Ecosystem 453.12 Remarks 45References 454 Plastics Processing Technology 494.1 Background 494.2 Management - Plastics Processing 504.3 Plastic Materials - Variations 514.4 Technology 524.4.1 Injection Molding 544.4.2 Blow Molding 564.4.3 Extrusion 584.4.4 Thermoforming 594.4.5 Rotational Molding 604.4.6 Compression Molding 624.5 Productivity and Task 634.6 Waste Processing 644.7 Reprocess Material in Plastics Processing 654.8 Challenges and Opportunities 674.9 Remarks 67References 685 Plastics Waste - Consumer and Industry 695.1 Background 705.2 Plastics Waste 705.3 Polyolefin 715.4 Polypropylene 725.5 Polystyrene 725.6 Polyvinylchloride 725.7 Bioplastics 735.8 Additives and Environment 745.8.1 Heat Stabilizers 745.8.2 Plasticizers 745.8.3 Flame Retardants 755.8.4 Compatibilizers 755.9 Technological Aspects 765.10 Factors Influencing Plastics Waste 765.11 Waste Resources 775.11.1 Domestic Waste 775.11.2 Packaging Waste 785.11.3 E-Waste 795.11.4 Automotive Waste 805.11.5 Medical Plastics Waste 805.11.6 Agriculture Plastics Waste 815.11.7 Marine Plastics Waste 815.11.8 Mixed or Contaminated Plastics 825.12 Plastics Waste Reduction 825.13 Advantages of Waste Prevention 845.14 Waste Reduction and Performance 855.15 Recovery of Plastics 855.16 Remarks 86References 876 Plastics Waste Management 916.1 Principles 916.2 Objective 926.3 Requirements 92 6.4 Management Concept 936.5 Waste Collection 936.6 Separation and Cleaning 946.7 Scientific Thinking 956.8 Outcome 956.9 Effective Management 956.10 Dynamic Thinking 966.11 Multi-Phase Approach 976.12 Significance 976.13 Progressive Management Characteristics 986.14 Risks in Plastics Waste Management 996.15 Factors - Affect, Suffer, and Influence 996.16 Operational Problems 1006.17 Sustainability and Symbolic Management 1006.18 Environmental Conservation 1016.19 Decision-Making Process 1016.20 Integrated Plastics Waste Management 1026.21 Assignments 1036.22 Advantages 1046.23 Shortcomings 105References 1067 Recycling Technology 1097.1 Man-Made Material - Plastics 1107.2 Substantial Prerequisite 1107.3 Philosophy 1117.4 Purpose of Recycling Technology 1127.5 Fortune of Plastics Material 1137.6 Methods of Recycling 1137.7 Plastics Waste - Stream 1157.8 Mixed Plastics Waste - Separation 1177.9 Origination of Plastics Waste 1187.10 Problems of Recycling and Controls 1197.10.1 Problems 1197.10.2 Controls 1207.11 Physical Characterization and Identification 1207.12 Recycling - A Resource 1217.13 Recycling Technology 122 7.14 Primary Recycling 1237.14.1 Reprocessing Essentials 1247.15 Mechanical Recycling 1247.15.1 Limitations 1267.15.2 Processing Problems 1267.16 Chemical Recycling 1277.17 Energy Recovery 1307.18 Pyrolysis 1307.19 Types of Reactors and Process Design 1347.19.1 Batch and Semi-Batch Reactor 1347.19.2 Fluidized Bed Reactor 1357.19.3 Conical Spouted Bed Reactor 1367.19.4 Two-Stage Pyrolysis System 1367.19.5 Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) 1377.19.6 Pyrolysis in Supercritical Water (SCW) 1387.19.7 Fluid Catalytic Cracking 1387.20 Thermal Co-Processing 1397.20.1 Advantages 1407.21 Gasification 1407.22 Plastics Waste and Recycling 1417.22.1 Polyolefin 1417.22.2 Polyvinyl Chloride 1427.22.3 Polyethylene Terephthalate 1427.23 Environmental Burdens 1447.23.1 Incineration - Open Air 1447.23.2 Plastics Waste in Concrete 1457.23.3 Plastics Waste in Tar for Road Laying 1457.24 Plastics Waste as Blends and Composites 1467.25 Remarks 147References 1478 Economy and Recycle Market 1558.1 Economical Background 1558.2 Growth Trajectory 1568.3 Value of Plastics Waste 1568.4 Economic Issues 1578.5 Market Dynamics and Uncertainty 1588.6 Fiscal Waste 1598.7 Waste to Value 1608.8 Industrial Ecology 1618.9 Economic Advantages 1638.10 Marketing Strategy 1648.11 Modern Marketing Philosophy 1658.12 Recycled Plastics Market 1658.13 Industrial Marketing 1678.14 Product Development and Marketing 1688.15 Recycled Plastic Products and Consumer Market 1698.16 Remarks 170References 1719 Life Cycle Assessment 1739.1 LCA and Plastics Waste 173Background 1749.2 Life Cycle Assessment - A Tool to Assess Waste 1759.3 Scientific Engineering 1779.4 Purpose 1779.5 Harmonization of LCA Me thod 1789.6 Methodology 1789.7 LCA Initiation 1799.8 LCA in Plastics Waste 1809.9 Advantages of LCA 1819.10 Shortcomings of LCA 1819.11 Environment Waste Auditi ng 1829.12 Waste Prevention 1839.13 Remarks 184References 18410 Case Studies 18910.1 Waste Dump and Health Hazards 18910.2 Utilization of Plastics Was te 19010.2.1 Europe 19110.2.2 India 19110.2.3 Japan 19210.2.4 France 19310.2.5 Other Countries 19410.3 Use of Case Studies 19510.4 Property Value 19610.5 Case Study 1: Plastics Waste from the Electric and Electronic Field 19610.5.1 Concept 19610.5.2 Objective 19710.5.3 Methodology 19710.5.4 Experimental Method 19810.5.5 Results 20010.5.6 Conclusion 20010.6 Case Study 2: Plastics Waste from the Automobile Industry 20010.6.1 Background 20010.6.2 Design 20110.6.3 Disposal and Recovery 20110.6.3.1 Recycling of Bumpers 20110.6.4 Inference 20110.7 Pros and Cons 20310.7.1 Positive Thinking 20310.7.2 Negative Effects 20310.8 Research and Case Study 20410.9 Remarks 204References 20511 Present Trends 20711.1 Economic Issues 20711.2 Industry and Society 20811.3 Landfilling 20811.4 Effect of Single-Use Plastic Products 20911.5 Effect on Food Packaging 20911.6 Recycling Status 21011.7 Present Research and Shortcomings 21011.8 Population Growth and Waste 21111.9 Remarks 212References 21212 Future Trends 21512.1 Present Problems 21512.2 Incineration in Open Air 21612.3 Environmental Advantages 21712.4 Plastics Waste - Challenge 21712.5 Environmental and Social Problems - Prevention 21812.6 Reasons - Waste Accumulation 21912.7 Ecological Issues 22012.8 Facts about Bioplastics 22012.9 Future Requirements 22112.10 Remarks 222References 223Index 225

✦ Subjects

Factory and trade waste;Plastic scrap;Plastics--Environmental aspects;Plastics -- Environmental aspects

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