Plant Pathogen Interaction: Insight on Host System

✍ Scribed by Praveen Kumar Verma (editor), Sonal Mishra (editor), Vikas Srivastava (editor), Shakti Mehrotra (editor)

• Publisher: Springer
• Year: 2024
• Tongue: English
• Leaves: 369
• Category: Library

✦ Synopsis

This book covers all aspects of naturally occurring phenomenon of Plant-Pathogen Interaction (PPI). Recent findings and scientific explanations to understand PPI are provided accompanied by numerous helpful photographs and pictorial presentations. In addition, tabulated data is also included to aid in getting insight into the subject and identifying the missing links. Essential information is provided on physiological, biochemical and pathology consequences of PPI and distinguished sections are devoted to explain molecular and regulatory mechanism underlying PPI. Further topics include different classes of plant pathogen, receptor molecules, signaling system, secondary metabolism and plant defense system etc. This book helps the readers in understanding the state of art and emerging technics to explore PPI and in identifying the missing links which further help in creating the background for future exploration of PPI in terms of experimental and technical advancements.

✦ Table of Contents

Preface
Contents
Editors and Contributors
Part I: General Introduction
1: Plant-Pathogen Interactions Studies: Combinatorial Approach and Multidisciplinary Benefits
References
2: Plant-Pathogen Interactions and Global Food Security
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Crops and Food Security
2.3 Principal Diseases and Impact on Food Security
2.3.1 Viral Diseases
2.3.2 Bacterial Diseases
2.3.3 Fungal Diseases
2.3.4 Nematode Diseases
2.3.5 Diseases Caused by Parasitic Plants
2.4 Accurate Identification of Plant Pathogens and Innovative Techniques for Monitoring Emerging Diseases
2.4.1 Direct Techniques
2.4.1.1 Serological Identification
2.4.1.2 Molecular Techniques
2.4.1.3 High-Throughput Sequencing
2.4.2 Indirect Techniques
2.5 Management Approach and Limitations
2.5.1 Agroecological Practices
2.5.2 Biochar
2.5.3 Compost
2.5.4 Irrigation Types
2.5.5 Biological Control
2.5.5.1 Bacteria
2.5.5.2 Fungi and Yeasts
2.5.6 Genome Editing Tools
2.5.6.1 TALEN Technology
2.5.6.2 CRISPR-Cas9
2.5.7 Mathematical Modeling.
2.5.7.1 Landscape-scale Via Spatially Explicit Compartmental Models
2.5.7.2 The Dispersal Kernel and Epidemic Dynamics
2.5.7.3 CABI/Plantwise
2.6 Challenge
2.7 Conclusion and Perspectives
References
Part II: Case Studies of Some Prevalent Disease
3: Fusarium Wilt of Tomato: Past, Present, and Future
3.1 Background
3.2 Causal Organism: Disease Symptom and Epidemiology
3.3 Host Network and Impact on Tomato Production
3.4 Pathogenic and Genetic Studies of FOL
3.4.1 Virulence Genes Associated with FOL Pathogenicity
3.4.2 Mode of Pathogenesis and Mechanisms of Host Resistance to Fusarium Wilt
3.4.3 Genetic Variability Among FOL and Other Formae Speciales Members
3.4.4 Molecular Variability in FOL
3.5 Mitigation of Fusarium Wilt Through Integrated Approach
3.5.1 Use of Synthetic Fungicides
3.5.2 Use of Natural Agents
3.6 Genetics of Host Resistance: Traditional Breeding and Inheritance of Resistance
3.7 Pathogen and Host Genomic Studies
3.8 Transcriptomics Studies
3.9 Proteomics Studies
3.10 Metabolomics Studies
3.11 Recommendation and Future
References
4: Late Wilt of Maize: The Pathogen, the Disease, Current Status, and Future Perspective
4.1 Introduction
4.2 The Pathogen
4.3 Primary and Alternative Host Plants
4.4 Magnaporthiopsis maydis Distribution
4.4.1 Global Distribution
4.4.2 Local Distribution
4.4.3 Magnaporthiopsis maydis Survival
4.5 Pathogen Development and Pathogenesis
4.5.1 The Late Wilt Disease Cycle
4.5.2 Molecular Monitoring of the Pathogen During the Disease Stages
4.5.3 Effects of Abiotic Factors on the Biology of Magnaporthiopsis maydis
4.5.4 Environmental Conditions and Disease Development
4.6 Disease Symptoms and Damage
4.6.1 External Symptoms
4.6.2 Internal Symptoms
4.6.3 Magnaporthiopsis maydis Crosstalk with the Soil and Plant Microflora
4.7 Diagnostics Techniques
4.8 Control Strategies
4.9 Future Perspectives
References
5: Insights into Grapevine Defence Response Against Fungal and Oomycete Diseases Towards a Sustainable Plant Breeding
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Plant Response Mechanisms against Fungal and Oomycete Diseases
5.3 Genetic Transformation and Genome Editing for Grapevine Resistance to Biotic Stress
5.4 Key Genes and Biological Pathways Involved in Grapevine-Pathogen Interactions
5.5 Grapevine Functional Genomics in View of Plant Breeding
5.6 Challenges and Future Prospects
References
Part III: Signaling and Defense
6: Defensive Strategies of ROS in Plant-Pathogen Interactions
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Oxidative Burst and Plant-Pathogen Interactions
6.3 Contrasting Roles of ROS in Plants
6.4 Role of ROS in Plant Defence
6.5 ROS in Plant Defence Mechanism
6.5.1 Role of ROS as Secondary Messenger in Plant Defence Signalling
6.5.2 Role of Elicitors in Plant Defence Signalling
6.5.3 Defence Gene Signalling in Pathogenesis
6.5.4 Role of Hormones in Defence Signalling
6.6 ROS Productions in Response to Necrotrophic and Biotrophic Pathogens
6.7 ROS and Hypersensitive Response (HR)
6.8 Pathogen, PCD, and ROS Signalling
6.9 ROS Signalling and SAR
6.10 Conclusion and Perspective
References
7: Phytohormone Signaling and Plant-Pathogen Interaction
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Phytohormones Biosynthesis Pathways
7.2.1 Cytokinins
7.2.2 Auxins
7.2.3 Ethylene
7.3 Role of Phytohormones in the Plant Response to Pathogens
7.3.1 Brassinosteroids (BRs)
7.3.2 Salicylic Acid
7.3.3 Ethylene (ET) and Jasmonat (JA)
7.3.4 Auxin
7.3.5 Abscisic Acid
7.3.6 Gibberellin
7.3.7 Cytokinin
7.4 Phytohormones as Effectors of Plant-Microbe Interactions
7.5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References
8: Quorum Sensing and its Role in Bacterial Pathogenicity
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Quorum Sensing in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
8.2 Types of Quorum Sensing in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
8.2.1 Acyl Homoserine Lactone-Mediated Quorum Sensing
8.2.2 Diffusible Signal Factor-Mediated Quorum Sensing
8.2.3 The VFM Quorum Sensing System
8.3 Quorum Sensing in Plant Pathogenic Bacteria
8.3.1 Agrobacterium tumefaciens
8.3.2 Ralstonia solanacearum
8.3.3 Pantoea stewartii
8.3.4 Xylella fastidiosa
8.4 Quorum Quenching in Plant Pathogens
8.5 Conclusion
References
Part IV: Advance Insights and Omics
9: Pathobiome and Microbial Community Shifts Associated with Vegetable, Fruit, and Cereal Crops
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Vegetables- and Cereals-Associated Pathobiomes
9.2.1 How Do Bacterial Pathogens Shape Vegetables- and Cereals-Associated Pathobiomes?
9.2.2 How Do Fungal Pathogens Shape Vegetables- and Cereals-Associated Pathobiomes?
9.3 Fruit-Associated Pathobiomes
9.3.1 Fruit Pathobiome Related to Fungal Communities
9.3.2 Fruit Pathobiome Related to Bacterial and Fungal Communities
9.4 Conclusion
References
10: Prevalence of Microbiome Reservoirs in Plants and Pathogen Outbreaks
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Plant Microbiome
10.2.1 Microbiome in Plant Shoot
10.2.2 Microbiome in Plant Root
10.2.2.1 Migration of Bacterial Pathogens in Plant Root
10.2.2.2 Fundamental Weak Binding Forces in Bacterial Adhesion
10.3 Microbe-Specific Primary Attachment Factors
10.3.1 Primary Attachment in Rhizobium
10.3.2 Secondary Attachment in Agrobacterium tumifaciens
10.4 Adherence Mechanisms of Plant Pathogens
10.4.1 Electrostatic Interaction
10.4.2 Biofilm Formation in Plants
10.4.3 Biomolecule-Mediated Bacterial Adhesion
10.4.3.1 Lipopolysaccharides
10.4.3.2 Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS)
10.5 Adaptation and Persistence of Pathobiome in Plant Surfaces
10.5.1 Development and Assembly of the Pathobiome
10.5.2 Protection of Plant Microbial Communities from Pathogens
10.5.2.1 Mechanism of Plant Immune Response
10.5.2.2 Immune System Targeted by Pathogens
10.5.3 Microbiota-Mediated Immunity and Direct Microbial Competition
10.6 Pathogen Reservoir in Plants
10.6.1 Bacterial Pathogen Transmission to Plants
10.7 A Comprehensive Abiotic Approach in Preventing Bacterial Contamination
10.7.1 Environmental Temperature
10.7.1.1 Preventive Approaches
10.7.2 Light Radiation
10.7.2.1 Preventive Approaches
10.7.3 Irrigation Environment (Water, Humidity, and Moisture)
10.7.3.1 Preventive Measures
10.7.4 pH
10.8 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
References
11: Exploring Plant-Pathogen Interactions through Subcellular Proteomics: Insights and Challenges
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Plant Apoplast: The Main Communication Hub between Plants and Pathogens
11.2.1 APF Proteome Modulation in Plant-Pathogen Interactions
11.2.2 What we Have Learned from Host Apoplast Proteomics?
11.2.2.1 Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes
11.2.2.2 PR Proteins
11.2.2.3 H+-ATPases
11.2.2.4 ROS
11.2.2.5 Proteases
11.2.2.6 Sugars
11.2.3 Pathogen in Planta Proteome Reveals Colonization Strategies through the APF
11.3 Other Subcellular compartment´s Proteomics
11.3.1 Mitochondria: The ROS Producer
11.3.2 Chloroplast: The Source of Defence Signals
11.3.3 Plasma Membrane: The Plastic Barrier
11.3.4 Nucleus: The Defense Orchestra Modulator
11.4 Conclusion
References
12: Genome Editing and Plant-Pathogen Interaction
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Role of Zinc Finger Nucleases in Plant-Pathogen Interaction
12.2.1 Structure and Mechanism
12.3 Role of TALENs in Plant-Pathogen Interactions
12.3.1 Structure and Function
12.3.2 Genome Editing by TALEN-Gene Drive Mutagenesis (TALEN-GDM)
12.4 Role of CRISPR/Cas in Plant-Pathogen Interaction
12.4.1 Mechanism
12.5 Multiplex CRISPR/Cas9 Editing
12.6 Editing of S Genes Via CRISPR/Cas9
12.7 CRISPR/Cas9 Mediated Biomimicking
12.8 Increasing Disease Resistance in Plants Via CRISPR/Cas9
12.9 Conclusion
References
13: Secreted Effectors: A Perspective in Plant-Fungus Interaction
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Features of Fungal Effector
13.3 Diversity of Fungal Effector
13.4 Target of Fungal Effector
13.5 In silico Identification of Fungal Effectors
13.6 RNA Effector: An Exception to Classical Effector
13.7 Evolution of Fungal Effectors
13.8 Conclusion and Future Perspective
References