Preface
Acknowledgements
About This Book
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
About the Author
1 Introduction
1.1 City Planning Context
1.1.1 The Nature of Strategic Planning
1.1.2 Cities—Where Change Is the Constant
1.1.3 Typology of City Plans
1.1.4 Jurisdictional Context
1.1.5 First Nations Heritage, Culture and Country
1.2 Content Overview
1.2.1 Part I: Why and How to Plan Cities
1.2.2 Part II: A 7-Step Strategic Planning Process
1.2.3 Part III: Approaches to Research
1.2.4 Insights and Case Examples
1.3 Definition
1.3.1 Definitions
1.3.2 Acronyms
1.4 Summary
References
Part IWhy and How to Plan Cities
2 What Are Great Cities?
2.1 Introduction
2.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
2.2 What Is Special About Cities?
2.2.1 The Emergence of Cities
2.2.2 The First Cities
2.2.3 Cities Through the Ages
2.2.4 The Urban Form of Cities
2.2.5 Insights for a Strategic Planning Framework
2.3 Great Cities: Various Perspectives
2.3.1 What Makes Great Cities?
2.3.2 Great Streets
2.3.3 Public Spaces and Great Cities
2.3.4 Accessibility: At the Core of Great Cities
2.3.5 City Leader Boards
2.3.6 Who Defines ‘Great’?
2.3.7 Insights for a Strategic Planning Framework
2.4 Summary
References
3 What is Planning About?
3.1 Introduction
3.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
3.2 The Emergence of Modern Planning
3.2.1 A Response to the Urban Ills
3.2.2 The Australian Experience
3.2.3 Evolving Planning Eras in Australia
3.3 Reflections on Planning Eras in Australia
3.3.1 Evolving Planning Eras in Australia
3.3.2 Events From 2000 to 2020
3.3.3 Insights for a Strategic Planning Framework
3.4 Contemporary City Planning
3.4.1 Insights from Australian City Plans
3.4.2 Insights From International City Plans
3.5 The Rationale for Planning Cities
3.6 The Scope of City Planning
3.6.1 Legislation Requirements
3.6.2 Common Issues from Australian Contemporary Plans
3.6.3 Common Themes from Contemporary International Plans
3.6.4 Drivers of Change in the Twenty-First Century
3.7 Summary
References
4 The Purpose of Strategic Planning
4.1 Introduction
4.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
4.2 The Purpose of Strategic Planning
4.2.1 Is Business As Usual Acceptable?
4.2.2 Needs of the Community—A Research Framework
4.2.3 Temporal Considerations in Strategic Planning
4.3 What is Important to People’s Lives and Places?
4.3.1 People and Households
4.3.2 Socio-Economic Characteristics
4.3.3 Characteristics of Places and Country
4.3.4 City Setting
4.3.5 Needs of People and Households
4.3.6 Quality of Life
4.3.7 Needs of Businesses
4.3.8 Growth and Change Equation
4.3.9 Transport and Digital Accessibility and Performance
4.3.10 Qualities of Places
4.3.11 Urban and Suburban Communities
4.3.12 City Design
4.4 Planning for Places
4.4.1 Defining Places
4.4.2 Creating Places
4.4.3 Responding to Community Values
4.4.4 Integrated Place Planning
4.5 It’s About Delivery
4.5.1 The Issues
4.5.2 Selected Strategic Intervention
4.5.3 Intervention Levers
4.5.4 Funding the Delivery of City Plans
4.6 Summary
References
5 A Strategic Planning Process
5.1 Introduction
5.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
5.2 A 7-Step Strategic Planning Process
5.2.1 Rationale for a Framework
5.2.2 The Model
5.2.3 Implications of Differing City Planning Typologies
5.2.4 From Plans to Planning
5.3 Common Threads and Considerations
5.3.1 Planning Systems
5.3.2 Community and Stakeholder Engagement
5.3.3 First Nations Country, Community and Culture
5.3.4 Politics and Planning
5.3.5 Planning and Decision-Making
5.3.6 Confidentiality
5.3.7 Project Management
5.3.8 Sustainability
5.3.9 Complexity, Cities and A Systems View of Planning
5.3.10 The Challenge of Planning for Change
5.4 Summary
5.4.1 Insights
References
Part IIThe 7-Step Strategic Planning Process
6 Getting Started
6.1 Introduction
6.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
6.2 Purpose of Step 1: Project Establishment
6.3 Principal Activities
6.3.1 The Tasks
6.3.2 An Iterative Process
6.3.3 The Project Brief
6.3.4 First Nations and Project Establishment
6.4 Establishing Working Relationships
6.4.1 Why It Is Important?
6.4.2 Identifying Your Project Partners Across Government
6.4.3 Establishing Informal Working Relationships
6.4.4 Engaging Outside Government
6.5 Auditing the Planning Context
6.5.1 What Are We Seeking to Achieve?
6.5.2 Reviewing Existing Background Material
6.5.3 The Outputs for the Project Brief
6.6 Establishing the Project Objectives and Scope
6.6.1 Be Clear on the Objectives
6.6.2 Approach
6.6.3 Outputs for the Project Brief
6.7 Developing the Project Methodology
6.7.1 What Are We Seeking to Achieve?
6.7.2 Approach
6.7.3 Timing
6.7.4 Resourcing
6.7.5 Other Considerations
6.7.6 Outputs for the Project Brief
6.8 Governance, Sign-Off and Project Initiation
6.8.1 What Are We Seeking to Achieve?
6.8.2 Governance Arrangements
6.8.3 Outputs for the Project Brief
6.9 Implications for Other Planning Typologies
6.10 Summary
6.10.1 Insights
References
7 Gathering the Evidence
7.1 Introduction
7.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
7.2 Purpose of Step 2
7.3 Principal Activities
7.3.1 First Nations and Research and Analysis
7.4 Finalising the Research Briefs
7.4.1 Research Briefs
7.4.2 Research Activities
7.4.3 Research Methods
7.4.4 Approach for Each Research Area
7.5 Community Engagement Activities
7.5.1 Purpose of the Engagement Activities
7.5.2 Approach and General Considerations
7.5.3 Coordinating the Activities
7.6 Coordinating the Research Initiatives
7.7 Distilling the Research Findings into Narratives
7.8 Implications for Other Planning Typologies
7.9 Summary
7.9.1 Insights
References
8 Synthesis and Direction Setting
8.1 Introduction
8.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
8.2 Purpose of Step 3
8.2.1 Principal Activities
8.3 Synthesis of the Research Findings
8.3.1 Principal Activities
8.3.2 Integration and Interdependencies
8.3.3 First Nations and Synthesis and Direction Setting
8.3.4 The Importance of Narratives
8.4 Scenario Development and Evaluation
8.4.1 The Evaluation Process
8.4.2 The Multi-Criteria Analysis Method
8.4.3 The Base Case: Business as Usual
8.4.4 Importance of the Growth and Change Equation
8.4.5 An Evaluation Framework
8.4.6 Net Community Benefit
8.5 Scenario Typologies
8.5.1 Housing Scenarios
8.5.2 Employment Scenarios
8.5.3 Transport Scenarios
8.6 Direction Setting
8.6.1 Directions (Objectives) Setting
8.6.2 A Vision Statement
8.7 Implications for other planning typologies
8.8 Summary
8.8.1 Insights
References
9 Preparation of a Draft Plan
9.1 Introduction
9.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
9.2 Purpose of Step 4
9.3 Principal Activities
9.3.1 Phase 1: Plan Development
9.3.2 Phase 2: Plan Refinement
9.3.3 Phase 3: Sign-Off and Exhibition Ready
9.3.4 First Nations and Preparation of a Draft Plan
9.3.5 Supporting Activities
9.4 Report Role, Structure and Content
9.4.1 Core Plan Elements
9.4.2 Optional Plan Elements
9.5 The Structure Plan
9.6 Finalising Objectives and Strategies
9.6.1 A Hypothetical Sequence of Thinking, from Findings to Objectives
9.6.2 A Worked Example
9.7 Development of Actions
9.8 Implications for Other Planning Typologies
9.9 Summary
9.9.1 Insights
Further Reading
10 Exhibition and a Final Plan
10.1 Introduction
10.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
10.2 Step 5: Exhibition of a Draft Plan
10.2.1 Purpose of Step 5
10.2.2 Principal Activities
10.2.3 First Nations and Exhibition
10.2.4 Pre-exhibition: A Community Engagement Plan
10.2.5 The Exhibition: Eliciting Submissions
10.3 Step 6: Plan Finalisation
10.3.1 Purpose of Step 6
10.3.2 Principal Activities
10.3.3 First Nations and Plan Finalisation
10.3.4 Submissions
10.3.5 Finalising the Plan
10.3.6 Annual Monitoring and Reporting
10.4 Implications for Other Planning Typologies
10.5 Summary
10.5.1 Insights
Further Reading
11 Plan Delivery and Ongoing Planning
11.1 Introduction
11.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
11.2 Purpose of Step 7
11.3 Principal Activities
11.3.1 Plan Delivery—Principal Activities
11.3.2 Ongoing Research—Principal Activities
11.3.3 Plan Updates—Principal Activities
11.3.4 First Nations and Plan Delivery and Ongoing Planning
11.4 Implementing the Approved Plan
11.4.1 An Implementation Plan
11.4.2 Plan Delivery
11.4.3 Promoting the Plan
11.4.4 Strategic Alignment
11.5 An Ongoing Strategic Planning Process
11.5.1 Book of Knowledge
11.5.2 Ongoing Research
11.5.3 Ongoing Engagement
11.5.4 Targeted Policy Review and Updating Plans
11.6 Implications for Other Planning Typologies
11.7 Summary
11.7.1 Insights
References
12 City Planning Typologies
12.1 Introduction
12.1.1 Warm-Up Exercise
12.2 Local Government Area Planning
12.2.1 Purpose
12.2.2 Spatial Planning
12.2.3 Research Framework
12.2.4 Growth and Change Equation
12.2.5 Community Engagement
12.2.6 Levers for Change
12.2.7 Governance
12.3 Town Centre Planning
12.3.1 Purpose
12.3.2 Spatial Planning
12.3.3 Project Establishment
12.3.4 Research Framework
12.3.5 Growth and Change Equation
12.3.6 Scenarios and Evaluation
12.3.7 Draft Plan Elements
12.3.8 Community Engagement
12.3.9 Levers of Change
12.3.10 Governance
12.4 New Greenfield Community Planning
12.4.1 Purpose
12.4.2 Spatial Planning
12.4.3 Research Framework
12.4.4 Growth and Change Equation
12.4.5 Temporal Considerations
12.4.6 Draft Plan Elements
12.4.7 Community Engagement
12.4.8 Levers of Change
12.4.9 Governance
12.5 Neighbourhood Community Planning
12.5.1 The Challenge
12.5.2 Purpose
12.5.3 Project Establishment
12.5.4 Spatial planning
12.5.5 Research Framework
12.5.6 Growth and Change Equation
12.5.7 Direction Setting
12.5.8 Community Engagement
12.5.9 Levers of Change
12.5.10 Governance
12.5.11 The Plan
12.6 Summary of Approaches to Research
12.7 Summary
Reference
Part IIIThe 12 Research Areas
13 Part A: The People and the Place
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Characteristics of People and Households
13.2.1 Demographic Profiles
13.2.2 Household Characteristics
13.3 Socio-economic Characteristics
13.3.1 Research Considerations
13.3.2 Research Objectives
13.3.3 Approaches to Research
13.4 Characteristics of Places and Country
13.4.1 Land Use Activities and Transport Networks
13.4.2 Physiography and Climatic Conditions
13.4.3 Country
13.5 City Setting
13.5.1 Research Consideration
13.6 Summary
References
14 Part B: Needs of People and Business
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Needs of People and Households
14.2.1 Improving the Level of Housing Choice
14.2.2 Enabling the Financial and Economic Independence of Households
14.2.3 Enabling the Economic Self-Determination of First Nations Communities
14.2.4 Urban Amenity: Improving the Level of Access to Goods, Services and Jobs
14.2.5 Improving the Health of Individuals and Communities
14.2.6 Reducing the Cost of Living
14.3 Quality of Life
14.3.1 Improving Individual and Community Wellbeing
14.3.2 Enabling Cultural and Artistic Expression, Participation and Appreciation
14.3.3 Providing Access to Natural and Developed Public Places
14.3.4 Protecting the Physical Amenity of Homes
14.4 Needs of Businesses
14.4.1 Enabling Businesses to Grow, Flourish and Innovate
14.4.2 The Economy and Spatial Economic Structure
14.4.3 Protecting the Physical Amenity of Businesses
14.4.4 Transport and Telecommunication Access to Support Business Activities
14.4.5 Protecting Natural Resources
14.5 The Growth and Change Equation
14.5.1 Population and Demographics
14.5.2 Dwellings
14.5.3 Commercial Activities
14.5.4 Industrial Development
14.5.5 Retail
14.5.6 Offices
14.5.7 Health and Education Precincts
14.5.8 Agriculture and Mining Activities
14.5.9 The Growth and Change Equation
14.6 Summary
References
15 Part C: Qualities and Performance of Place
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Accessibility, Transport and Digital Performance
15.2.1 Transport Network Performance
15.2.2 Transport Service Provision
15.2.3 Trade Gateways and Freight
15.2.4 Digital Coverage and Performance
15.2.5 City Structure—Spatial Equity and Mode Choice
15.2.6 The City in its Region
15.3 Qualities of Places
15.3.1 A Sense of Place and Community
15.3.2 First Nations Country, Community and Culture
15.3.3 Post-European Contact Heritage
15.3.4 Quality, Aesthetics (Beauty) and Amenity
15.3.5 Healthy Natural Systems
15.3.6 Responding to Climate Change
15.3.7 City Hinterlands
15.4 Urban/Suburban Communities
15.4.1 Urban Infrastructure
15.4.2 Natural Hazard Risks
15.4.3 Choice in Local Neighbourhoods
15.4.4 Adaptation, Change and Innovation
15.5 City Design
15.5.1 Introduction
15.5.2 A Definition
15.5.3 City Design Scope
15.5.4 Understanding Place
15.6 Summary
References
Afterword
Index
